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Öğe Evaluation of the potential roles of activin-A, activin-B, and follistatin molecules exhibiting immunomodulatory properties in brucellosis(Wiley, 2021) Kızmaz, Muhammed Ali; Ellergezen, Pinar Hiz; Demir, Nesrin; Çağan, Eren; Akalın, Emin Halis; Oral, Haluk Barbaros; Budak, FerahBrucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by bacteria called Brucella. The mechanisms underlying the changes seen in the course of brucellosis are not adequately elucidated. It was aimed to reveal the potential roles of activin‐A, activin‐B, and follistatin molecules in sera taken from patients with acute and chronic brucellosis, healthy controls, and recovered individuals to overcome these deficiencies. Activins are members of the transforming growth factor‐1 (TGF‐β1) superfamily. Activin‐A has been shown to play a role in both pro‐ inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory processes. Follistatin is a protein that inhibits or neutralizes the functions of activins, and in this way, it can regulate the inflammatory process.Öğe Important Roles of Interleukin-36, Interleukin-37, and Interleukin-38 Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Rosacea(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2024) Ekinci, Alper; Kilic, Sevilay O.; Demir, Nesrin; Siddikoglu, DuyguBackground: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Previous studies have determined that IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38 may play a role in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. Aims and Objectives: The present study aims to evaluate the relationship of these cytokines with rosacea. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 individuals, including 50 patients with rosacea and 50 healthy controls, were included in the study. IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38 levels were measured using the ELISA method by taking serum samples from all participants. Results: The mean serum levels of IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38 in the patient group were 52.17 +/- 24.07 pg/ml, 18.46 +/- 8.18 pg/ml, and 25.74 +/- 8.36 ng/l, respectively. The mean serum levels of IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38 in the control group were 32.99 +/- 19.90 pg/ml, 44.61 +/- 22.27 pg/ml, and 45.61 +/- 17.32 ng/l, respectively. The difference between the serum levels of IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38 in the patient and control groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Based on these findings, an increase in IL-36 and a decrease in IL-37 and IL-38 may contribute to the pathogenesis of rosacea. Future rosacea treatments could target and/or interact with these possible steps in the pathogenesis of rosacea.Öğe Potential effects of sCD40L, CD36, IL-23 and arginase-1 molecules on the pathogenesis of brucellosis(Wiley, 2021) Kızmaz, Muhammed Ali; Ellergezen, Pınar Hız; Demir, Nesrin; Cagan, Eren; Çolak, Zehranur; Akalın, Emin Halis; Oral, Haluk Barbaros; Budak, FerahBrucellosis is a systemic infectious disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans, ranging from mild to severe clinical pictures. In our study, we aimed to reveal the roles of sCD40L, CD36, IL‐23 and arginase‐1 (ARG1) molecules in the pathogenesis of brucellosis. sCD40L binds and activates CD40 on antigen‐presenting cells, thereby promoting the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis.Öğe Roles of novel IL-1 family (IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38) members in chronic brucellosis(Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, 2020) Hiz, Pinar; Kanbur, Ertan; Demir, Nesrin; Akalin, Halis; Cagan, Eren; Pashazadeh, Mehrdat; Bal, Salih HaldunThe secretion of interleukin (IL)-1 family cytokines is one of the most potent and earliest pro-inflammatory responses triggered by brucellosis. However, the roles of the most recently discovered IL-1 family members, IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38, in the transition into the chronic form of brucellos is remain largely unknown. Therefore, in this study, the roles of IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38 in brucella infections and their effects on the transition from the acute to chronic form of the disease were investigated. Using peripheral blood samples from 40 patients with acute brucellosis, 40 patients with chronic brucellosis, and 40 healthy control subjects, we analysed the serum concentrations of secreted IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38 using ELISA. The findings were confirmed by using RT-qPCR to analyse the mRNA levels of the genes encoding IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 10 randomly selected patients from each of the three groups. Our results showed that serum IL-37 (p < 0.001) and IL-38 (p < 0.001) concentrations were lower in patients with brucellosis than in the healthy controls. In addition, serum IL-37 and IL-38 concentrations were higher in the chronic patient group than in the acute patient group. The mRNA expression levels of IL-37 and IL1F10, genes that encode IL-38, did not affect serum cytokine secretion levels. This result suggests that the high secretion levels of IL-37 and IL-38 may be related to the progression into the chronic form of brucellosis. Our findings will aid in clarifying the mechanism of the transition of brucellosis from the acute to the chronic form of the disease.Öğe The role of salusins and interleukin 12 family in the rosacea pathogenesis(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2023) Demir, Nesrin; Kaya, Ozge; Keskinkaya, Zeynep; Oguz Kilic, Sevilay; Ekinci, Alper; Karadeli, UmitAim: Salusins and recently discovered interleukin (IL)-12 family members (IL-35 and IL-39) have been investigated in various disorders associated with chronic inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the roles of salusin-alpha (alpha), salusin-beta (beta), IL-35, and IL-39 in the pathogenesis of rosacea. Methods: This study is a single-center, prospective case-control study performed in a tertiary healthcare institution. Salusin-alpha, salusin-beta, IL-35, and IL-39 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method from venous blood of 50 rosacea patients who did not receive any treatment and 50 age-matched healthy controls, and the test results were compared between the two groups as statistically. Results: Patients in the rosacea group (female:male ratio = 1.9:1; median age: 56 years) had significantly higher mean salusin-alpha, IL-35, and IL-39 levels compared with the control group (female:male ratio = 2.1:1; median age: 41 years). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of salusin-beta levels. Conclusion: The increased vascularity and Th1-mediated inflammation might be possible explanations for the elevated salusin-alpha and IL-39 levels in rosacea patients. On the other hand, the higher mean IL-35 level detected in the same group was an unexpected finding due to the immunosuppressive effect of the cytokine. Recently, targeted therapies have become popular in many inflammatory diseases. In this context, salusins, IL-35, and IL-39 seem to be possible molecules that could be modified for therapeutic reasons in the future in the treatment of rosacea.
