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    Is the environmental Kuznets curve related to the fishing footprint? Evidence from China
    (Elsevier, 2022) Yilanci, Veli; Cutcu, Ibrahim; Cayir, Bilal
    This study tests the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis by using the fishing grounds footprint (FGF) as the environmental degradation indicator in China from 1961 to 2017. The study also uses China's total fisheries production as a control variable. Since the results of the analysis indicate a long-run relationship between the variables, we estimate the long- and short-run coefficients that present evidence for the validity of the EKC in the long-run. We find that total fisheries production has a detrimental effect on the environment. The findings of the study have important policy implications for decision-makers: Implementing a common fishing policy at the regional and global levels to stabilize the FGF and using new technologies that are harmless to the environment at every stage of fishery production processes may be beneficial for the environment.
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    Testing the Persistence of Shocks on Ecological Footprint and Sub-accounts: Evidence from the Big Ten Emerging Markets
    (Springer Int Publ Ag, 2022) Yilanci, Veli; Pata, Ugur Korkut; Cutcu, Ibrahim
    This study aims to analyze whether the effect of shocks on the ecological footprint and its sub-accounts in the Big Ten emerging economies is transitory or not. To this end, we employ the Fourier augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test with a fractional frequency (FADF) and the recently developed fractional unit root test with a Fourier function (FUR) on annual data from 1961 to 2017. The results of the FADF unit root test suggest the validity of stationarity for about 30% of the series, while the FUR test indicates evidence of stationarity for almost all footprint series. These results imply that policy shocks to ecological footprints are temporary and policies to reduce environmental pollution in the Big Ten countries do not have the expected impact. Since shocks have temporary effects on ecological footprints, the Big Ten countries should not cause irreversible environmental degradation. The Big Ten governments need to implement permanent structural reforms to counteract the growth of the ecological footprint. Article Highlights The persistence of the ecological footprint and its six subaccounts in the Big Ten emerging markets is investigated. Novel Fourier-based and fractional frequency unit root tests are performed. Almost all series are stationary. Policy shocks will have temporary effects on the ecological footprint.
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    The Causality Relationship between Trade and Environment in G7 Countries: Evidence from Dynamic Symmetric and Asymmetric Bootstrap Panel Causality Tests
    (Mdpi, 2022) Yilanci, Veli; Cutcu, Ibrahim; Araci, Serkan
    In this paper, we test the dynamic symmetric and asymmetric causality relationship between the ecological footprint and trade openness in G7 countries by suggesting a new bootstrap panel causality test based on seemingly unrelated regressions. We analyzed the time-varying behavior of the symmetric and asymmetric panel causality relationship test to reveal the instabilities in the causality relationships. The obtained results suggest a relationship between the trade openness and ecological footprint in some years of the analysis period and between the negative and positive shocks.