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    Antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance mechanisms of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from 12 Hospitals in Turkey
    (Biomed Central Ltd, 2014) Yildiz, Omer; Coban, Ahmet Yilmaz; Sener, Asli Gamze; Coskuner, Seher Ayten; Bayramoglu, Gulcin; Guducuoglu, Huseyin; Ozyurt, Mustafa
    Introduction: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most important nosocomial pathogens and is also emerging in Turkish hospitals. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of MRSA isolated from Turkish hospitals. Materials and methods: A total of 397 MRSA strains isolated from 12 hospitals in Turkey were included to present study. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were tested using agar dilution method. Presence of ermA, ermB, ermC, msrA, tetM, tetK, linA and aac-aph genes were studied by PCR. Results: All strains were susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid. The susceptibility rates for fusidic acid, lincomycin, erythromycin, tetracyclin, gentamycin, kanamycin, and, ciprofloxacin were 91.9%, 41.1%, 27.2%, 11.8%, 8.5%, 8.3% and 6.8%, respectively. Lincomycin inactivation was positive for 3 isolates. Of 225 erythromycin resistant isolates 48 had ermA, 20 had ermC, and 128 had ermA-C. PCR was negative for 15 strains. Of 3 isolates with lincomycin inactivation one had linA and msrA. Of 358 gentamycin resistant isolates 334 had aac-aph and 24 were negatives. Among 350 tetracyclin resistant isolates 314 had tetM. Of 36 tetM negative isolates 10 had tetK. Conclusion: MRSA isolates from Turkish hospitals were multiresistant to antimicrobials. Quinolone and gentamycin resistance levels were high and macrolide and lincosamide resistance were relatively low. Susceptibility rates for fusidic asid were high. Linezolide and vancomycin resistance are not emerged. The most common resistance genes were ermA, tetM and aac-aph. Evolution of antimicrobial susceptibilities and resistance genes profiles of MRSA isolates should be surveyed at regional and national level for accurate treatment of patients and to control dissemination of resistance genes.
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    Same-day Detection of Methicillin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates by StaResMet® Kit
    (Ahvaz Jundishapur Univ Med Sci, 2017) Sezgin, Fikriye Milletli; Vural, Ahmet; Kiraz, Asli; Cayci, Yeliz Tanriverdi; Coban, Cagri; Bozdogan, Bulent; Coban, Ahmet Yilmaz
    Background: Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of hospital-acquired infections. The most important issue with S. aureus is that the isolates are getting increasingly methicillin-resistant. Rapid differentiation between methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus species is necessary to optimize treatment and minimize costs. Objectives: The current study aimed at evaluating the StaResMet (R) kit for rapid detection of methicillin resistance in S. aureus isolates. Methods: A total of 217 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 252 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates were tested using the StaResMet (R) kit. The test was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. Results: The kit identified the MRSA isolates with 100% accuracy, and found that the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) was > 32 mu g/mL cefoxitin for 133 of the isolates, 32 mu g/mL cefoxitin for 49, 16 mu g/mL cefoxitin for 8, and 8 mu g/mL cefoxitin for 11 of the isolates. Likewise, all 177 MSSA isolates were correctly identified using the kit, and the MICs against them were determined within the range of 1 to 4 mu g/mL cefoxitin. The MIC of cefoxitin can be determined in 6 hours using the StaResMet (R) kit. Conclusions: The obtained results indicated that the StaResMet (R) kit allowed the detection of MRSA isolates rapidly and reliably, and could be a valuable tool for microbiology laboratories with limited facilities. Authors believed that the routine use of this timesaving and easy-to-use test contributes to rapid clinical diagnoses and treatments.