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    Influence of Dietary Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) Essential Oil on Immune-Antioxidant Response in Black Sea Salmon (Salmo labrax PALLAS 1814)
    (Springer Int Publ Ag, 2025) Ozel, Osman Tolga; Duzgunes, Zehra Duygu; Gurkan, Selin Erturk; Cimagil, Recayi
    The work was conducted to investigate the immune and antioxidant status and their-related gene expression in the muscle and liver of Black Sea salmon (Salmo labrax PALLAS 1814) juvenile fed with dietary fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) essential oil in different levels. Fish fed with diets have at different concentrations of fennel essential oil (EO) such as 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg kg-1. Fish with initial weights of 3.52 +/- 0.01 g were placed randomly 45 fish per 50-L fiberglass square tanks (15 in total). Experimental study was carried out as triplicate. Fish fed by hand 3% level of live weight with diets including fennel essential oil at 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, and control. At the end of 90-day experimental, there were no differences in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in muscle. In liver, the highest glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was obtained in F400 group while the highest SOD and CAT were determined in F200 group. As the concentrations of fennel EO in diet increased, SOD activity in liver increased. The addition of fennel EO had no significant impacts on gene expression of CAT in liver and GPx in muscle and liver but decreased SOD expression was obtained in muscle. Besides, liver il1-b gene expression decreased significantly by administration of fennel EO. The fact that essential oils partially increase antioxidant enzyme activity has led to the conclusion that they may play a healing role in the antioxidant defense system. Hovewer, to understand the mechanisms related to the immune-antioxidant response of dietary fennel EO in Black Sea salmon, further research should be conducted on its expression and mode of action on the relevant genes.
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    Öğe
    The effects of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) Essential Oils on Growth Performance and Digestive Physiological Traits in Black Sea Salmon (Salmo labrax PALLAS 1814) Juveniles
    (Ankara University, 2023) Özel, Osman Tolga; Cimagil, Recayi; Ertürk-Gürkan, Selin; Coşkun, İsa; Türe, Mustafa; Kutlu, İlyas
    The present study was carried out in the freshwater recirculating aquaculture system to determine the effects of the fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) essential oil on Black Sea salmon (Salmo labrax). Fish were distributed randomly to 50 L experimental tanks, and 45 fish were in each tank. The experiment was triplicate in each group, and the results were averaged. Five diets of equal isonitrogenous and isocaloric content with 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg kg-1 of fennel essential oil were prepared. Fish were fed with diets at the rate of 3% of live body weight four times daily by hand for 90 days. The results revealed that dietary supplementation with fennel essential oil did not have any significant effect on the growth performance. Supplementation with 200 mg fennel kg-1 increased lipase activity in contrast with control group. Supplementation with 400 mg kg -1 fennel showed similar results with the control group in terms of pepsin activity. The intestinal villi length of fish fed 200 mg kg-1 fennel was higher than the control group. The thickness of muscularis in group fed with 50, 100 and 200 mg kg-1 fennel was similar to each other and higher than the control group. Lactic acid bacteria were reduced by fennel essential oil supplementation. Results showed that fennel essential oil can be used in diets of Black Sea salmon without the growth performance.