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    GABA-mediated modulation of drought stress tolerance and seed morphology during flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) germination via image analysis
    (Nature Portfolio, 2025) Cetin, Selcuk; Tiryaki, Iskender
    Seed coat color, a trait exhibiting significant phenotypic variation, has been reported in previous studies to influence key germination parameters, including germination percentage, germination rate, and mean germination time. Looking into these relationships can help us identify plant varieties that better withstand both living threats and environmental challenges, which would make breeding programs more effective and focused. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the drought tolerance of 20 flax varieties at the germination stage, investigate the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on seed germination performance under drought stress conditions, and explore potential associations between seed coat color and germination parameters under both stressed and non-stressed conditions using digital image processing. The final germination percentage, germination speed, and span of germination were assessed for seeds germinated under various germination conditions, including 23% PEG (- 0.169 MPa), 10 mM GABA, 23% PEG + 10 mM GABA, and a control treatment at 25 +/- 0.5 degrees C. The results demonstrated substantial genetic variation across all germination parameters measured in the seeds of 20 distinct flax varieties. Genotype-specific responses to drought stress were observed, with 10 mM GABA alleviating the effects of drought. Among the varieties tested, Hermes exhibited the highest drought tolerance, while Lisette and Bonny-Doon were identified as drought-sensitive. Digital image processing analysis revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) in drought tolerance levels among flax varieties based on variations in RGB values of their seed coats. Although no statistically significant correlations were found in direct pairwise correlations between the color parameters converted from RGB (Red, Green, and Blue) to L*a*b* and germination parameters, multivariate PCA-biplot analysis indicated that L* and b* values had a positive influence on germination performance. In contrast, seeds with higher a* values exhibited reduced germination performance. Furthermore, the biplot analysis suggested that varieties with lighter seed coats tended to show better germination compared to those with darker seed coats. These findings highlight the potential of incorporating seed coat color parameters into flax breeding programs, suggesting their role in enhancing seed germination and overall seed quality under various stress conditions.
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    Improved drought tolerance of EMS mutagenized Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) mutants by in vitro screening at germination stage
    (Nature Portfolio, 2022) Tiryaki, Iskender; Sari, Ugur; Cetin, Selcuk; Acar, Okan
    The objectives of this study were to determine drought tolerant novel mutant of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) genotypes by screening EMS mutagenized 340675 M-3 seeds at germination stages in the presence of osmotic stress of 35% PEG(6000). Root growth assay provided several drought tolerant candidate mutants. Of those, 4 mutants were further evaluated at water deficit conditions applied for 24 days after the first cutting at flowering bud stage. The results revealed that mutants determined as drought tolerant at germination stage were also tolerant to water deficit conditions. Protein content and superoxide dismutase values were found to be higher in all mutants than controls. Ascorbate peroxides, glutton reductase and lipid peroxidase values varied based on the mutant genotype and duration of drought stress. Drought stress significantly changed transcriptional levels of MtP5CS, MtDehyd, MseIF-2, MtRD2 and MsNAC genes. These results indicated that in vitro screening of alfalfa mutant seeds for osmatic tolerance at germination and early seedling growth stages was successfully able to determine the drought tolerant alfalfa mutants which were also tolerant to water deficit conditions after the first cutting at flowering bud stage.
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    Unusual autopsy finding: Simon's bleeding
    (Slovene Medical Soc, 2013) Eren, Bulent; Turkmen, Nursel; Akgoz, Semra; Cetin, Selcuk; Eren, Filiz; Gundogmus, Umit Naci
    Objective: To determine whether or not hanging had taken place before or after the death of the victim is quite important in the identification of criminal cases pretended to be suicidal attempts. Material and Methods: Evidence for Simon's bleeding was searched in cases included in the study group after retracting soft tissue and organs away from the field of interest for full exposure of the region of lumbar spinal veretebrae without macroscopic grading of the severity of bleeding, and determining the lumbar level of bleeding. The cases autopsied in Bursa Morgue Department between 2009 and 2011 were retrospectively investigated and evaluated. Results: A total of 848 cases (664 males, and 184 females, male/female ratio, 3.6 :1) were included in the study. A total of 270 (31.8 %) cases had Simon's bleeding. A significant difference in the frequency of Simon's bleeding exists among various causes of death. A 28.5 % (n = 77) of the cases with Simon's bleeding were in the group with hanged death cases (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Splinter bleedings identified originally by Simon on the ventral, and later dorsal aspects of the spinal disci in cases of hanging were also observed later in deaths not related to hanging, however it was concluded that these types of bleeding could not be detected in cases of postmortem hanging. When we evaluated all groups, the results we obtained do not support the assertion that the incidence of Simon's bleeding decreases with aging. Instead, when compared with all other groups, the incidence of Simon's bleeding was also higher in cases of hanging with the highest mean age.