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    Nutlet micromorphology and its taxonomic and phylogenetic significance in Salvia (Lamiaceae)
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Celep, Ferhat; Kahraman, Ahmet; Guerin, Greg R.; Karabacak, Ersin; Akaydin, Galip; Dogan, Musa
    Salvia (sage) is a species rich and medicinally important genus. Species-level identification is usually very difficult, particularly in closely related species. Here, we investigated nutlet micromorphological characteristics of 51 taxa belonging to S. subg. Salvia, S. subg. Sclarea and Salvia verticillata clade (S. subg. Heterosphace) by stereo binocular microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to show their taxonomic and phylogenetic value. The present study is the most comprehensive nutlet micromorphological study based on the number of taxa studied in the genus so far. The size of nutlets varies from 1.61 mm (S. verticillata subsp. verticillata) to 8.44 mm (S. albimaculata) in length, 1.02 mm (S. verticillata subsp. verticillata) to 4.20 mm (S. macrochlamys) in width. Nutlet length/width ratio ranges from 1.02 (S. bracteata and S. indica) to 3.06 (S. albimaculata). The basic shape of nutlets is elliptic, widely elliptic, circular, ovate or obovate. Five nutlet sculpturing patterns are present namely colliculate, reticulate, verrucate, rugose and foveate. The variation of surface sculpturing, nutlet shape, size, and exocarp cell shape provide useful diagnostic properties at species and subgenus level. However, nutlet micromorphological characters are of low phylogenetic value in studied Salvia species.
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    Öğe
    Reassessment of conservation status of the genus Salvia (Lamiaceae) in Turkey II
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2012) Kahraman, Ahmet; Bagherpour, Safi; Karabacak, Ersin; Dogan, Musa; Dogan, Hakan Mete; Uysal, Ismet; Celep, Ferhat
    The current conservation status of the Salvia L. (sage) taxa of the family Lamiaceae distributed in the East, South-East, Central, North Anatolian, and Marmara geographic regions of Turkey was reassessed at regional, national, and global levels using IUCN Red List categories and criteria. In accordance with the present taxonomic revision of the genus since 2005, the study area seems to cover 79 taxa, 36 of which are endemic and 4 of which are rare nonendemic; the remaining 39 taxa are widely distributed. The rate of endemism is 46% in the area. Based on new field observations of populations and distribution data, taxa were classified into the following threat categories at the global scale: Critically Endangered (CR) (5 taxa), Endangered (EN) (8 taxa), Vulnerable (VU) (11 taxa), Near Threatened (NT) (12 taxa), and Least Concern (LC) (43 taxa). The most threatened species at the global scale are S. anatolica, S. ballsiana, S. freyniana, S. odontochlamys, and S. pseudeuphratica. The threatened taxa are under pressure from intensive human activities such as overgrazing, construction (e.g., road construction), land clearing (e.g., agricultural activities), and urbanisation. The threatened endemic taxa are concentrated in 3 main areas. The first area includes Sivas, Divrigi, Gurun, Pinarbasi, and Kemaliye. The second area includes Ankara, Beypazari, Polatli, and Sivrihisar. The third area includes Yozgat, Akdagmadeni, Nevsehir, and Kayseri. Some significant measures are recommended here for the conservation and management of the high number of endemic taxa under threat in the research area.