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Öğe Acid pond sediment and mine tailings contaminated with metals: physicochemical characterization and electrokinetic remediation(Springer, 2017) Karaca, Oznur; Cameselle, Claudio; Reddy, Krishna R.Mine tailings and acid pond sediment from a former mining area in Canakkale (Turkey) were analyzed for physical (e.g., moisture content, particle size, specific gravity and hydraulic conductivity) and chemical parameters (e.g., organic content, pH, ORP and EC) as well as metal content and sequential extraction analysis, in an attempt to evaluate their risk as a source of contaminants. Column extraction tests were conducted to investigate the leachability under model field conditions using simulated rainwater. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure and synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) methods were performed to evaluate the expected concentrations in the water in contact with the solid material. The column tests proved that Fe and Pb can be released to the waterbodies in contact with the solid materials. Pb was released easier than Fe due to its content in the more labile fractions in the sequential extraction analysis. SPLP-Pb in both tailings and sediment exceeded the USEPA regulatory limit, confirming the hazardousness of those materials. Electrokinetic remediation has been tested as a possible technology for the removal of metals from mine tailings and sediment. Electrokinetics removed 20% of Pb and Fe in 9 days of treatment at 1 VDC/cm. The metal removal efficiency was very affected by metal speciation. Electrokinetics could remove metal fractions I-IV [as described by Tessier et al. (Anal Chem 51(7): 844-851, 1979) especially in the closest section to the anode of the solid matrix, and the metals accumulated in the following sections. The results suggested that Fe and Pb could be effectively removed from the mine tailings and sediment if the advance of the acid front was favored and the treatment time increased. However, considering the physicochemical characterization and the results from the electrokinetic treatment, other green and more sustainable remedial strategies have to be proposed for mitigation of environmental risks of former mining areas. Instead of focusing on metal removal, the results of this work suggest that the immobilization and stabilization of metals in the site are more practical solutions. Thus, phytocapping is recommended as a practical green and sustainable method to mitigate the environmental risks of former mining areas.Öğe Characterization of Heavy Metals in Mine Tailings and Lake Sediments: Implications on Remediation(Amer Soc Civil Engineers, 2016) Karaca, Oznur; Cameselle, Claudio; Reddy, Krishna R.Mine tailing and lake sediment from a former mining area in Canakkale (Turkey) were analyzed for physical (e.g. moisture content, particle size, specific gravity, and hydraulic conductivity) and chemical parameters (e.g. organic content, pH, ORP, and EC) as well as heavy metal content and sequential extraction analysis, in an attempt to evaluate their risk as a source of contaminants. Column extraction tests were conducted to investigate the leachability under model field conditions using simulated rainwater. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) and synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) methods were performed to evaluate the expected concentrations in the water in contact with the solid material. The results showed that both tailing and sediment in the study area were highly acidic (pH=2.2-2.92) and electrical conductivities were high. The column tests proved that Fe and Pb can be released to the waterbodies in contact with the solid materials. Pb was released easier than Fe due to its content in the more labile fractions in the sequential extraction analysis. SPLP-Pb in both tailing and sediment exceeded the U.S. EPA regulatory limit confirming the hazardousness of those materials. All of these results were used to evaluate the most appropriate remedial strategy and to recommend phytocapping as a practical green and sustainable method to mitigate the environmental risk.Öğe Designing of Self-sustain Electrokinetic Experiment for Saline Soil Treatment(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Karaca, Öznur; Cameselle, Claudio; Çalık, Ayten; Ulugergerli, Emin U.The lands stretching at the shorelines suffer from salinization which is one of the main environmental problems. Removing harmful salt contaminants requires an excessive amount of effort. The electrokinetic remediation (EKR) of soils away from urbanization is challenging since it requires a constant power supply. This research investigates the field scale effect of imposed electrical gradient (IEG) for the removal of salts from the soil with EKR using a solar panel-driven power supply. The testing soil was sampled in the Çanakkale-Dardanos Campus (CDC) area, in northwest Turkiye. The land in the CDC suffers from extreme saline water intrusion due to the excessive pumping of fresh water from multiple wells scattered in a relatively small area. The initial concentrations of salt ions were determined. Ca2+ showed the highest concentration (60,300 mg/kg) followed by Mg2+ (16,000 mg/kg), K+ (13,800 mg/kg), and Na+ ions (12,600 mg/kg). The most abundant anionic salt concentrations were Cl? (674 mg/kg) and SO4 2? (118 mg/kg). Lab-scale EKR studies showed that the EKR requires a minimum of 5-days to achieve satisfactory results. Therefore, we propose a mobile solar panel system and EKR as an innovative, sustainable, and environmentally friendly alternative to apply the EKR technology to saline soil. We will focus on designing the power supply system and fluid circulated electrodes. The results will be presented in due course. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2023.Öğe Electrokinetic Removal of Heavy Metals from Mine Tailings and Acid Lake Sediments from Can Basin, Turkey(Amer Soc Civil Engineers, 2016) Karaca, Oznur; Cameselle, Claudio; Reddy, Krishna R.This work focuses on the evaluation of electrokinetic remediation as a technology for the removal of heavy metals from mine tailings and acid lake sediments sampled in a former mining area in Can Basin (Canakkale, Turkey). The electrokinetic treatment of mine tailing and sediment removed 20% of Pb and Fe in 9 days of treatment at 1 VDC/cm. The removal of metals was very affected by metal speciation which was determined by Tessier method. Electrokinetics could remove metal fractions I-IV in the Tessier method, especially in the closest section to the anode of the solid matrix, and the metals migrated towards the cathode and accumulated in the following sections. The results suggested that Fe and Pb could be effectively removed from the mine tailing and sediment if the advance of the acid front was favored and the treatment time increased.Öğe EREM 2018: Sustainable electrokinetic and electrochemical environmental applications(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2020) Cameselle, Claudio; Karaca, Oznur[Anstract Not Available]Öğe Mine tailing disposal sites: contamination problems, remedial options and phytocaps for sustainable remediation(Springer, 2018) Karaca, Oznur; Cameselle, Claudio; Reddy, Krishna R.Mining practices and the absence of proper mine land reclamation has led to heavy metal contaminated sites with serious impact on the ecosystems and risk for human health. The origin of the contamination is often associated to mine tailing deposits because they are a source of the acid mine drainage (AMD). These areas are devoid of vegetation due to the harsh soil conditions that prevent the rooting of plant species. The remediation of these areas followed by revegetation is necessary to suppress the generation of the AMD and its negative effects on the ecosystems. Conventional remediation technologies for heavy metal contaminated sites are usually not applicable because of the high cost associated with chemicals and energy requirements, as well as the long treatment time to remediate large areas. In this study, the use of phytocapping for the remediation of mine tailing deposits and abandoned mine areas is reviewed. Phytocapping is cost effective, environmentally friendly and has multifunctional role against various problems of mine tailings: it provides erosion control, landscape rehabilitation, enhances the soil properties for further colonization of other more demanding vegetal species, reduces the leachability of metals downwards the groundwater, and favors the immobilization of metals forming less bioavailable species. The most critical step in phytocapping is the developing of the first vegetative cover because of the biotoxicity of the mine soil and mine tailings. Several amendment materials can be used to ameliorate soil conditions creating a favorable environment for the rooting of plants, as well as serving as a source of nutrients. Local plant species with fast growing are preferable because their adaptation to the soil and climate conditions favors their self-propagation.Öğe Opportunities of electrokinetics for the remediation of mining sites in Biga peninsula, Turkey(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2019) Karaca, Oznur; Cameselle, Claudio; Bozcu, MustafaThis study investigated the geological conditions of Biga Peninsula. There are metamorphic rocks, ophiolitic melange, plutonic rocks, subvolcanics, volcanic rocks and volcanoclastics along with marine and terrestrial sediments in the region. This variety of rocks and the associated minerals resulted in many interesting metallic ores and coal for commercial exploitation. The mining exploitations in Biga Peninsula (Turkey) pose an environmental risk due to the release of contaminants, metals and arsenic, to the soil and waterbodies. This study analyzed the potential release of As and metals (Al, Fe, Mn) from a sediment sampled in a mine pond. The extraction column tests proved that those contaminants can be dissolved from the sediment using deionized water as eluent. The electrokinetic treatment of the sediment was able to remove Al and Mn, but the removal of Fe and As was negligible. The fractionation of As and metals in the sediment confirmed that the electrokinetic treatment was able to mobilize the contaminants. Based on the results of this study, it has been hypothesized that the toxic elements could be removed by electrokinetics using facilitating agents, neutralizing the alkaline environment of the cathode and increasing the treatment time. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Removal of the pesticides from soil using electrokinetic method(Springer-Verlag Italia Srl, 2022) Karaca, Oznur; Karaca, Gursel; Cameselle, Claudio; Karaca, IsmailThis study was designed to test the capability of electrokinetic technology to remediate the soils contaminated with pesticides and metals. A non-polluted soil sample was collected from a forest area, not affected by the human activity. The soil sample was characterized for physical and chemical properties and then spiked with Cu and imidacloprid, two main components of pesticides commonly used in agricultural soils. Soil sample was composed of 9% gravel, 80% sand, 11% silt and clay. The moisture content of soil was 5% and the specific gravity was 2.36. The initial contaminant concentrations were 298 mg/kg of Cu and 3.75 mg/kg of Imidacloprid. A column extraction test was performed to investigate the environmental effects associated with the mobility of the contaminants in the soil. The result of this test showed that copper was partially mobilized by water. No significant mobilization was detected for imidacloprid. The electrokinetic treatment at constant electric gradient (1 DCV/cm) using DI water as processing fluid was able to mobilize and transport the Cu toward the anode and Imidacloprid toward the cathode. However, the net removal of the Cu and Imidacloprid from soil was low. The limited removal efficiency of the contaminants was associated to the short treatment time (1 week) and the premature precipitation and adsorption of the contaminants to the soil particles due to the local physicochemical conditions (mainly pH) in the soil close to the electrodes. This study suggested that electrokinetics can be used for the effective removal of pesticides and metals from soil under controlled physicochemical soil conditions.
