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Öğe A study on the effects of different hydraulic loading rates (HLR) on pollutant removal efficiency of subsurface horizontal-flow constructed wetlands used for treatment of domestic wastewaters(Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, 2015) Cakir, Recep; Gidirislioglu, Ali; Cebi, UlviyeThe research into the treatment of domestic wastewaters originating from Buyukdolluk village in Edirne Province was carried out over a 3 year experimental period. The wastewaters of the settlement were treated using a constructed wetland with subsurface horizontal flow, and the effects of different hydraulic loading levels on removal efficiency were studied. In order to achieve this goal, three equal chambers (ponds) of 300 m(2) each were constructed and planted with Phragmites australis. Each of the chambers was loaded with domestic wastewater with average flow discharge creating hydraulic loading rates of 0. m(3) day(-1) m(-2); 0.075 m(3) day(-1) m(-2) and 0.125 m(3) day(-1) m(-2), respectively. According to the results of the study, the inlet levels of the pollutant parameters with carbon origin in the water samples taken from the system entrance are high and the average values for three years are respectively: Biological Oxygen Demand, BOD5 -324.5 mg L-1; Chemical Oxygen Demand, COD -484,0 mg L-1; suspended solids (TSS) -147.3 mg L-1 and Oil and Grease -0.123 mg L-1. It was also determined that the removal rates of the system were closely dependent on the applied hydraulic loading levels and the highest removal rates of 64.9%, 62.5%, 86.3% and 80.34% for BOD5, COD, TSS and Oil and Grease, respectively, were determined in the pond with a hydraulic loading rate of 0.050 m(3) day(-1) m(-2). Lower removal of 57.9%, 55.5%, 81.4% and 74.5% for BOD5, COD, TSS and Oil and Grease were recorded in the pond with a hydraulic loading rate of 0.075 m(3) day(-1) m(-2); and these values were 49.1%, 47.8%, 70.9% and 62.1% for the pond with a hydraulic loading rate of 0.125 m(3) day(-1) m(-2). High removal rates were also recorded for the other investigated pollution parameters. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe An investigation of various drip irrigation treatments in rice (Oryza sativa L.)(Parlar Scientific Publications, 2016) Beser, Necmi; Surek, Halil; Sahin, Sultan; Kaya, Recep; Tuna, Bulent; Cakir, RecepThis research was carried out to investigate various drip irrigation treatments in rice. Six drip irrigation treatments and traditional flooded rice culture were examined with Osmancik-97 rice variety. Drip irrigation laterals with an emitter discharge rate of 2 l/h and emitter spacing of 0,30 m were used in drip irrigation system. Distances between laterals were 80 cm or 160 cm according to drip irrigation treatments. As a to two year means, highest yield was obtained from T7 control treatment (flooded irrigation) with 8, 027 t/ha, and it was followed by T1 (16 planted rows in plot, distance between rice rows 20 cm and distance between drip irrigation laterals 80 cm) drip irrigation treatment with 6.955 t/ha. Total water amounts applied to control flooded and drip irrigation treatments were determined respectively as 1806 mm and 789 mm (including rainfall). 56,31 % less water was used at drip irrigation treatment than the control flooded irrigation treatment. While water use efficiency (WUE) was 0,444 kg paddy/t water in flooded irrigation, it was 0,885 kg paddy/t water for the T1 which was the highest yielding drip irrigation treatment. Copyright © by PSP and PRT.Öğe AN INVESTIGATION OF VARIOUS DRIP IRRIGATION TREATMENTS IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.).(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2016) Beser, Necmi; Surek, Halil; Sahin, Sultan; Kaya, Recep; Tuna, Bulent; Cakir, RecepThis research was carried out to investigate various drip irrigation treatments in rice. Six drip irrigation treatments and traditional flooded rice culture were examined with Osmancik-9 7 rice variety. Drip irrigation laterals with an emitter discharge rate of 2 l/h and emitter spacing of 0,30 m were used in drip irrigation system. Distances between laterals were 80 cm or 160 cm according to drip irrigation treatments. As a to two year means, highest yield was obtained from T7 control treatment (flooded irrigation) with 8, 027 t/ha, and it was followed by T1 (16 planted rows in plot, distance between rice rows 20 cm and distance between drip irrigation laterals 80 cm) drip irrigation treatment with 6.955 t/ha. Total water amounts applied to control flooded and drip irrigation treatments were determined respectively as 1806 mm and 789 mm (including rainfall). 56,31 % less water was used at drip irrigation treatment than the control flooded irrigation treatment. While water use efficiency (WUE) was 0,444 kg paddy/t water in flooded irrigation, it was 0,885 kg paddy/t water for the T1 which was the highest yielding drip irrigation treatment.Öğe BIOMETRICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FRUITS OF MINI CUCUMBER PLANTS GROWN UNDER VARIOUS IRRIGATION REGIMES IN AN UNHEATED GREENHOUSE(Wydawnictwo Akad Rolniczej W Lublinie, 2018) Cebi, Ulviye Kamburoglu; Cakir, Recep; Altintas, Sureyya; Ozdemir, Aylin GucluThe study aimed to determine the most appropriate irrigation scheduling for mini-type cucumber plants grown as a spring-summer cycle crop. The research was conducted in a greenhouse structure in the fields of the Research Institute in Kirklareli. Marathon cucumber plants were used as the plant material in the trials. The split plot design experimental layout in 3 replications was used in the research. Four different plant-pan coefficients (0.75, 1.00, 1.25 and 1.50) and two irrigation intervals (2 and 4 days) were applied as subplots and main plots of the study, respectively. As a result of the 3-year investigation, it was determined that yields, number of cucumber fruits, and fresh cucumber fruit weight, length and diameter increased with the increase in the irrigation water amount. The highest average total soluble solids (Brix) value of 5.0 was recorded under conditions of most severe stress imposed on the plots with lowest water application rates of Kcp 0.75. While the lowest values of 4.0-4.1 were obtained for plants growing under more favorable moisture conditions in plots with application of Kcp 1.25 and 1.50. Statistically significant positive linear relationships were obtained for irrigation water amount on one hand, and fruit number, fruit mean weight, fruit length and diameter on the other, while the relationship between water applied and TSS (Brix) was negative.Öğe Effect of water stress during different developmental stages on some growth indices of flue-cured Virginia tobacco(Gaurav Soc Agricultural Research Information Centre-Aric, 2011) Cakir, RecepPaper discusses the results of the evaluations done on the basis of the data obtained from the 3-years field study on the effects of different irrigation regimes and water stress imposed at different growth stages on plant growth of flue-cured tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum L.). A randomised complete block design with three replications was applied in the field. Experiments were conducted on the fields of Soil and Water Resources Research Institute in Kyrklareli, Turkey. Three known stages of the plant were considered and a total of 14 irrigation treatments were applied in the experiments with K-326 Virginia tobacco cultivar. All the experimental treatments were irrigated at the same time as the control irrigated at each growth stage with water amount enough to replenish the water deficit in 0-90 cm soil layer, and three levels of water amount reductions (0, 40 and 60%) were done at each development stage. Results of the 3-years study showed that water stress imposed at earlier growth stages was influential mainly on plant growth, leaf formation and on the physiologically based parameters as net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area index (LAI), absolute growth rate (AGR) and relative growth rate (RGR).Öğe Energy use efficiency and economic analysis of greenhouse cucumber farming in Turkey: case of Thrace Region(Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Administracao, 2019) Cebi, Ulviye Kamburoglu; Aydin, Basak; Cakir, Recep; Altintas, SureyyaThis study was carried out in a plastic covered unheated greenhouse on the lands of Ataturk Soil Water and Agricultural Meteorology Institute in Kirklareli. Energy use efficiency and economic analysis of greenhouse cucumber farming were determined in the study. According to the results, total energy input, energy output, energy output/input ratio, energy productivity, specific energy and net energy in greenhouse first crop cucumber farming were determined as 45452.43 MJ ha(-1), 88303.20 MJ ha(-1), 1.94, 2.43 kg MJ(-1), 0.41 MJ kg(-1) and 42850.77 MJ ha(-1), respectively. Total energy input, energy output, energy output/input ratio, energy productivity, specific energy and net energy in greenhouse second crop cucumber farming were determined as 50470.11 MJ ha(-1), 58534.40 MJ ha(-1), 1.16, 1.45 kg MJ(-1), 0.69 MJ kg(-1) and 8064.29 MJ ha(-1), respectively. Total expenses, gross output value, gross profit, net profit and relative profit of first crop cucumber farming were calculated as 54423.08 $ ha(-1), 100802.74 $ ha(-1), 61760.96 $ ha(-1), 46379.66 $ ha(-1) and 1.85, respectively. The same economic indicators of second crop cucumber farming were calculated as 58299.69 $ ha(-1), 66820.09 $ ha(-1), 24014.61 $ ha(-1), 8520.40 $ ha(-1) and 1.15, respectively. According to energy use efficiency and economic analysis results, cucumber farming in plastic covered unheated greenhouses in the region of the study appeared to be a profitable agricultural activity.Öğe Influence of various water supply levels and emitter spacing on yield and water use of processing tomato grown in middle anatolian region of Turkey(Gaurav Publications, 2012) Ozbahce, Aynur; Fuat Tari, A.L.I.; Cakir, RecepThis research was carried out in order to determine the effects of different dripper space and water stress levels on total fruit yield, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and water use efficiency (WUE). The randomized split block experimental design with three replications was applied in the study. Each row of the experimental plots was equipped with a single lateral. Dripper spacings of 25, 50 and 75 cm along the lateral were tested for main plots, while four levels of water supply (i. e. water amount applied to replenish the water deficit of 0-60 cm soil depth to field capacity (I 1) and water supply reductions of 25, 50 and 75%) were applied as sub-plots of the experiment. Results of the field experiments carried out during experimental years showed that the highest total fruit yield (73.4-74.0 t/ha) was obtained under conditions of I1 application (P<0.01). It was also determined that IWUE and WUE values varied in the ranges of 9.6-37.1 kg/m3 and 8.7-14.0 kg/m3, while seasonal values of yield response factor (ky) obtained for the first and the second experimental years were determined as 1.22 and 0.84, respectively.Öğe Irrigation Water Management for Sprinkler Irrigated Corn using Rooting Data Obtained by the Minirhizotron Technique(Friends Science Publ, 2012) Yavuz, Muharrem Yetis; Cakir, Recep; Kavdir, Yasemin; Deveciler, Merve; Bahar, ErdemThe research, aiming to evaluate possibilities for irrigation scheduling of corn using root development data obtained by minirhizotron technique, was carried out during 2008 and 2010 on experimental fields belonging to Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University. Line source sprinkler irrigation was applied for irrigation of the experimental plots and irrigation water amount determination was based on water deficits of the actual effective root depth obtained prior to the irrigation application using the minirhizotron technique. Results of the 2 year study show that the effective root depth of the crop is around 70-75 cm until the 3rd or 4th irrigation application. Using data for root development restricted overwatering and excessive water loss compared to 90 cm root depth traditionally assumed for corn irrigation in the region. The highest grain yields were obtained from the treatment under favorable moisture conditions and yield decreased with increasing distance from the sprinkler irrigation lateral. There a linear relationship between seasonal evapotranspiration rates and grain yield, and seasonal evapotranspiration deficit and relative yield reduction, during each of the experimental years. Average value of the yield response factor (ky) for the research period was 1.34. (C) 2012 Friends Science PublishersÖğe The effect of irrigation scheduling and water stress on the maturity and chemical composition of Virginia tobacco leaf(Elsevier, 2010) Cakir, Recep; Cebi, UlviyeThe study was carried out in order to determine the effect of different irrigation scheduling programs and water stress, imposed at different growth stages, on the maturity and leaf chemistry of Virginia tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L). Field experiments and lab investigations were carried out during 2000-2003, on a silty loam Entisol soil, poor in organic matter and rich in potassium, on the fields of Ataturk Soil and Water Resources Research Institute in Kirklareli, Turkey. A randomized complete block experimental design with three replications was applied, and K-326 Virginia tobacco cultivar was used in the experiment. Three known stages of the plant - vegetative (V), yield formation (F), and ripening (R) - were considered, and a total of 14 irrigation treatments (including rain-fed) were applied. All the experimental treatments were irrigated on the same day of VFR and were irrigated at each growth stage with the amount of water required to fill the 0-90 cm soil depth to field capacity; and three levels of water reductions (0%, 40% and 60%) were done at each development stage. Results of the investigations show that irrigation scheduling and the water stress imposed during different stages of growth influenced the ripening dynamics of Virginia tobacco leaves and that severe water stress causes delay in the ripening of the leaves. Favorable moisture conditions considerably decrease the nicotine and nitrogen content of the Virginia tobacco leaves, both of which are hazardous for humans, to the ranges of 0.85-1.21% versus 2.1-2.2% under stress (for nicotine), and 1.4-1.6% versus 1.8-2.0%, and 2.0-2.4% versus 2.9-3.1% (for nitrogen) for 2001 and 2003, respectively. However the percentage of chloride and sodium in the leaf increases if the amount of seasonal water is increased. It was determined also that close linear relationships exist between seasonal irrigation water amounts or seasonal evapotranspiration and any of the chemical traits. Mutual relationships between nicotine and each of the traits - i.e. nitrogen, chloride, potassium, and sodium - were also established. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Using non-derivative filters for the tectonic implcations: A case study in simav graben in western turkey(J and N Group, Ltd., 2019) Toker, Ceyhan Ertan; Cakir, Recep; Ulugergerli, Emin UgurGravity data compiled for Simav Graben and its surrounding area in western Turkey were reprocessed and reinterpreted by using a type of standard deviation filter and Euler deconvolution methods. Results from the interpretation of gravity data and seismological studies show presences of new intrusive structures in the vicinity of Simav Graben. A prominent intrusion is located in the NE margin of the graben and has a thickness of 12-15 km at 2.5-3 km below the surface. Numerous earthquakes recorded in the eastern part of the graben are associated with this intrusions. Our multi-disciplinary study using gravity and seismological data clearly delineate the Simav Graben, characteristics of the Simav Fault, and identified intrusion was named as Naşa. Seismicity within the same tectonic frame are also well correlated with the intrusive structures identified on the filtered gravity anomalies. © (2019) by Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society All rights reserved.Öğe YIELD, WATER USE AND YIELD RESPONSE FACTOR OF FLUE-CURED TOBACCO UNDER DIFFERENT LEVELS OF WATER SUPPLY AT VARIOUS GROWTH STAGES(Wiley, 2010) Cakir, Recep; Cebi, UlviyeThe study aiming to determine the effect of different irrigation regimes and water stress imposed at different growth stages on water use and leaf yield of flue-cured tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum L.), was carried out during the period of 2000-03. The field trials were conducted on a silty loam Entisol soil, poor in organic matter and rich in potassium on the fields of the Ataturk Soil and Water Resources Research Institute in Kirklareli. A randomised complete block design with three replications was applied and K-326 Virginia tobacco cultivar was used in the experiment Three known stages of the plant, vegetative (V), yield formation (F) and ripening (R), were considered and a total of 14 (including rain-fed) irrigation treatments were applied. All the experimental treatments were irrigated on the same day in each growth stage with the amount of water required to fill the 0-90 cm soil depth to field capacity, and three levels of water amount reductions (0.40 and 60%) were applied at each development stage. A single irrigation was applied during the second part of the vegetative stage, while subsequent water applications were at the 50 and 70% depletion level during the yield formation and ripening stages, respectively Results of the 3-year study show that either total irrigation water amounts and number of applications, or leaf yields are closely related to precipitation rate and distribution during the growing year. While the seasonal irrigation amounts applied in the adequate irrigation treatment (VFR) were greater (945 and 815 mm respectively in the drier experimental years of 2000 and 2001). they were much lower (587 mm) during the rainy year of 2003 The highest leaf yields in the range of 5170-6050 kg ha(-1) were obtained from the fully irrigated programme (VFR), from treatments with 40% reduction in irrigation water amount at any stage (V1FR; VF1R, VFR1) and irrigation programme (FR) including omitted irrigation at vegetative stage and fully irrigated during the next two stages. It was also determined that close linear relationships exist between seasonal evapotranspiration rate and leaf yield. and seasonal evapotranspiration deficit and relative yield reduction, during each of the experimental years Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
