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    Same-day Detection of Methicillin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates by StaResMet® Kit
    (Ahvaz Jundishapur Univ Med Sci, 2017) Sezgin, Fikriye Milletli; Vural, Ahmet; Kiraz, Asli; Cayci, Yeliz Tanriverdi; Coban, Cagri; Bozdogan, Bulent; Coban, Ahmet Yilmaz
    Background: Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of hospital-acquired infections. The most important issue with S. aureus is that the isolates are getting increasingly methicillin-resistant. Rapid differentiation between methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus species is necessary to optimize treatment and minimize costs. Objectives: The current study aimed at evaluating the StaResMet (R) kit for rapid detection of methicillin resistance in S. aureus isolates. Methods: A total of 217 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 252 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates were tested using the StaResMet (R) kit. The test was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. Results: The kit identified the MRSA isolates with 100% accuracy, and found that the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) was > 32 mu g/mL cefoxitin for 133 of the isolates, 32 mu g/mL cefoxitin for 49, 16 mu g/mL cefoxitin for 8, and 8 mu g/mL cefoxitin for 11 of the isolates. Likewise, all 177 MSSA isolates were correctly identified using the kit, and the MICs against them were determined within the range of 1 to 4 mu g/mL cefoxitin. The MIC of cefoxitin can be determined in 6 hours using the StaResMet (R) kit. Conclusions: The obtained results indicated that the StaResMet (R) kit allowed the detection of MRSA isolates rapidly and reliably, and could be a valuable tool for microbiology laboratories with limited facilities. Authors believed that the routine use of this timesaving and easy-to-use test contributes to rapid clinical diagnoses and treatments.
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    t030 is the Most Common spa Type Among Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Turkish Hospitals
    (Ankara Microbiology Soc, 2013) Bozdogan, Bulent; Yildiz, Omer; Oryasin, Erman; Kirdar, Sevin; Gulcu, Burcin; Aktepe, Orhan; Arslan, Ugur
    Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most frequent agents causing hospital infections. S.aureus has a great ability to adapt itself to variety of conditions and successful clones can be epidemic and even pandemic by its ability spread from one continent to another. The aims of this study were to detect spa types of 397 methicillin-resistant S.aureus (MRSA) strains isolated from 12 centers in different geographical regions of Turkey from 2006 to 2008, and to investigate their clonality by PFGE and MLST typing. Additionally, 91 MRSA from four of those 12 centers isolated during 2011 were also studied for their spa types. PFGE profiles indicated the presence of a major pulsotype, namely pulsotype A with a rate of 91.4% (363/397), followed by pulsotype B (n = 18, 4.5%) and pulsotype C (n = 11, 2.8%). Among isolates tested 363 (91.4%) were SCCmec type III, 30 (7.6%) were SCCmec type IV. Sequence analysis of representative isolates revealed that ST239 (85.1%) was the most common MLST type followed by two MLST types ST737 (4%), and ST97 (2.8%), both SCCmec type IV. Two isolates were ST80 with SCCmec type IV. Of 397 isolates, 338 (85.1%) were t030, followed by t005 (2.5%) and t632 (2%). Among MRSA isolated during 2011, 64 (70.3%) of 91 were t030, 4 (4.4%) were t005, 2 (2.2%) were t015, and 2 (2.2%) were t1094. Among centers the t030 prevalence of 2006-2008 isolates ranged from 59-100%. The highest t030 prevalence was found in Ankara (100%) and lowest in Trabzon (59%) provinces which are located at central and northestern Anatolia, respectively. In Istanbul province, the prevalence of t030 was 94.5% among 2006-2008 isolates which decreased to 55.5% among 2011 isolates. Also a decrease in t030 rates was observed among samples from Konya and Trabzon but not from Aydin. Our results showed that the most common MRSA clone in Turkey is ST 239-SCCmec type III, t030 which persisted during the six years of the study period. Presence of PVL toxin gene was tested by PCR and 5 (3%) isolates found to be positive, of them two were SCCmec Type IV-ST80 and three were SCCmec Type III-ST239. This study is the largest epidemiological survey ever done in Turkey which showed presence of a hospital Turkish clone TR09 (ST239-SCCmecIII-t030) and a community clone TR10 (ST737-SCCmecIV-t005) largely disseminated in Turkey.