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Öğe Aeolian imprints of multiple Mediterranean invasions of the Black Sea during Pleistocene(Elsevier, 2022) Erginal, Ahmet Evren; Kiyak, Nafiye Gunec; Makaroglu, Ozlem; Bozcu, Mustafa; Ozturk, Muhammed Zeynel; Selim, Haluk Hamit; Nowacyzk, Norbert R.Climate changes determined the repeated connections between the Black Sea, Caspian Sea and Mediterranean Sea. The landlocked anoxic Black Sea basin was exposed to several transgressions throughout Quaternary by the Mediterranean Sea through the Straits of Istanbul (Bosphorus) and by the Caspian Sea through the Manych-Kerch spillway. Sedimentological records of these connections are limited mostly to the marine terrace deposits of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e while the pre-MIS 5e period remains uncertain due to a lack of robust facies and chronological data from deep-sea sedimentary sequences. Here we discuss the imprints of multiple Mediterranean transgressions during Middle Pleistocene in the Black Sea based on facies analysis and the optical age of coastal carbonate aeolianites. Contrary to today's hydro-climate of the Black Sea, the aeolianites bear witness to the transformation of the Black Sea into a warm inland sea during successive Mediterranean invasions. Prior to the onset of aeolian deposition, paleosols were formed on the Eocene-aged hardened sandy silts, suggesting strongly washed soil. This is evidenced by no calcium carbonate and a high Rb/Sr ratio, with quartz amounting to of 99.8%. According to our OSL ages, carbonates deposited on the shelf plain under higher temperature and increased evaporation conditions in MIS 15 and the later interglacial phases were transported to the coastal sand dunes during the transitional phases of MIS 15-14, MIS 13-12, MIS 11-10 and MIS 9-8. We suggest that the carbonate-rich and ooid-containing aeolianites were repeatedly formed in the multiple Mediterranean transgression stages, beginning with an increasingly severe dry phase following the Brunhes-Matuyama magnetic reversal.Öğe Age and petrology of Eocene-Oligocene calc-alkaline volcanism in Biga Peninsula (NW Turkey): Implications for magma origin and geodynamic evolution(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2022) Erenoğlu, Oya; Bozcu, Mustafa; Billor, M. ZekiIn NW Anatolia, Eocene-Oligocene post-collisional volcanism is represented by K-rich volcanic rocks, including high K calc-alkaline products. Magmatic rocks in the Dededag area (Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey) can be classified into 6 different groups with lithostratigraphic and chronostratigraphic data using 40Ar/39Ar methods (Eoceneearly Oligocene, 42.08 +/- 0.09 to 29.02 +/- 0.29 Ma). From the Eocene period, there are calc-alkaline Laledag granodiorite, Beycayir volcanics with andesite and dacite composition, and also Kizildam volcanics with alkaline and basic character (basaltic trachyandesite, trachybasalt). Furthermore, in the Oligocene period, calc-alkaline volcanism started with Dededag volcanics with dacite and rhyolite intermediate-acidic composition, continued with Kircalar volcanics consisting of basalt and basaltic andesite, and Harmancik volcanics ranging from basalt to rhyolite. The calc-alkaline camyayla pluton with quartz monzonite composition intruded into Oligocene Dededag and Harmancik volcanics in the region. Alkaline lavas in the region are classified as high-K and shoshonitic, and calc-alkaline lavas are medium-high-K. On N-type mid-ocean ridge basalt and chondritenormalized trace element diagrams, enrichment was observed for all volcanic units with regard to large ion lithophile elements and light rare earth elements. High field strength elements and heavy rare earth elements were depleted in all volcanic units. These compositions reveal the participation of a mantle source that was enriched by subduction components. Using geochemical data, all the volcanic rocks differentiated as a result of magma mixing/replenishment and contamination/assimilation processes. Consequently, the source of volcanism is thought to derive from the compressional regime associated with collision during the Eocene-Oligocene, and from a previously-enriched lithospheric mantle source with subsequent effects of the extensional regime.Öğe Beachrock Cementation Patterns Along the Gulf of Aqaba Coast, Saudi Arabia(Springer Heidelberg, 2019) Haredy, Rabea A.; Ghandour, Ibrahim M.; Erginal, Ahmet Evren; Bozcu, MustafaBeachrocks crop out along the Saudi coast of the Gulf of Aqaba with beds lying at elevations up to 0.8 m above the present sea level and with seaward extents that repeatedly submerge and emerge during high and low water levels. This study discusses the cement composition, petrography and bedding features of beachrocks at 24 different locations, of which a total of eight sites were sampled. The study focuses on the petrographic and microtextural characteristics of the beachrocks to elucidate their cementation environment and diagenetic evolution. The results revealed the predominance of three main cement types: (1) fibrous aragonite cement with morphologies including isopachous rims around grains with or without micritic substrates, pore-filling radial aggregates, pseudospherulite and randomly oriented interlocking aragonite fibers; (2) microcrystalline low-Mg calcite (LMC) cement binding grains and filling inter-and intra-granular pore spaces; and (3) micritic cement in the form of envelopes and/or pore-filling micrite in some samples with meniscus bridges. The last two types also contain infiltrated silt-sized clasts and skeletal remains. The cements indicate precipitation mainly in pore-filled marine phreatic diagenetic zone and, rarely, in the marine vadose zone with the aid of microbial and algal activity. Petrographic investigations and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy of selected samples showed the occurrences of aragonite and LMC.Öğe Biga yarımadası (Edremit körfezi civarı) ve gökçeada tersiyer tortullarının hidrokarbon potansiyeli(2014) Bozcu, Ayşe; Bozcu, Mustafa; Durak, GülşahBu çalışma kapsamında kuzeybatı Anadolu?da, Edremit Körfezi çevresi ile Gökçeada?nın Tersiyer çökellerinin hidrokarbon potansiyeli incelenmiştir. Batı ve Kuzeybatı Anadolu?daki petrol ve doğal gaz sahaları içerisinde bu iki alan kritik bölge niteliğindedir. Bu çalışma ile Eosen?den Pliyosen?e kadar karasal ve denizel çökellerin depolandığı bu alanlarda jeolojik, stratigrafik çalışmalar ile bölgedeki bu çökellerin hidrokarbon potansiyeline ilişkin organik jeokimyasal çalışmalar yapılmış ve ana kaya özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Edremit Körfezi çevresinde, kuzeyde Kazdağ yükselimi güneyde ise Kozakdağ yükselimi ile sınırlanmış çöküntü alanlarında yaygın olarak Küçükkuyu Formasyonu yüzeyler. Formasyonu oluşturan litolojiler konglomera, kumtaşı, şeyl ve tüflerden oluşur. Egemen litolojiyi oluşturan organik madde içeren şeyller türbiditik kumtaşlarıyla ardalanmalı olarak bulunur. Küçükkuyu Formasyonu?nun şeylleri organik jeokimyasal çalışmalarla ana kaya yönünden değerlendirilmiştir. Organik jeokimyasal çalışmalar Rock-Eval piroliz, ince tabaka kromatografi, gaz kromatografi (GC), gaz kromatografi-kütle spektrometre (GC-MS)analizleri ile vitrinit yansıma ve toplam kükürt analizleridir. Küçükkuyu Formasyonunun şeyllerinin orta ve iyi derecede ana kaya potansiyeline sahip olduğu, organik madde tipinin Tip II ve Tip III kerojenden oluştuğu, olgunlaşma derecesinin olgunlaşmamış, erken-orta olgun olduğu belirlenmiştir. Gaz kromatografi (GC), gaz kromatografi-kütle spektrometre (GC-MS), sonuçlarına göre karasal organik maddenin baskın olduğu, çoğunlukla anoksik ortam yer yer de oksik ve suboxic koşulların varlığı ve gölsel ana kaya olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Toplam kükürt sonuçları da gölsel ortamı desteklemektedir. Gökçeada?da yüzeyleme veren Tersiyer birimleri jeolojik olarak Trakya havzasının güney- güneybatı devamı niteliğindedir. Tersiyer birimleri; Erken?Orta Eosen yaşlı Karaağaç Formasyonu ile başlar, üzerine uyumlu olarak Fıçıtepe Formasyonu gelir. Resifal karbonatlardan oluşan Soğucak Formasyonu Fıçıtepe Formasyonu ile uyumsuzdur. Bunun üzerine türbiditik özellikli Ceylan Formasyonu gelir. Gökçeada?da Oligosen birimlerinin çökelimi Mezardere Formasyonu ile başlar. Bunun üzerine karasal çökellerden oluşan Armutburnu üyesi gelir. Gökçeada?da Karaağaç, Ceylan ve Mezardere Formasyonları?nın ana kaya özelliklerini belirlemek için Rock-Eval Piroliz, ince tabaka kromatografi, GC, GC-MS analizleri ile vitrinit yansıma ve palinolojik analizler yapılmıştır. TOC değerleri % 0.17- 8.5 arasında, ort % 1.16?dır. HI değerleri max. 119 mgHC/gr TOC?a kadar çıkmakta olup, organik madde III. Tip kerojendir. Tmax ve R0 değerlerinin çoğunluğu olgunlaşma derecesinin orta-ileri ve aşırı olgun olduğunu gösterir. GC ve GC-MS sonuçları, birimlerin çoğunlukla karasal organik maddeden türeyen hidrokarbon içerdiği, ana kaya litolojisinin şeyl olduğu, suboksik-anoksik bir ortamda çökeldiğini belirtir.Öğe Çan kömür havzasındaki madencilik faaliyetlerinin tıbbi jeoloji açısından değerlendirilmesi(2008) Baba, Alper; Save, Dilşad; Gündüz, Orhan; Gürdal, Gülbin; Bozcu, Mustafa; Sülün, Serdar; Özcan, Hasan[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Cementation characteristics and age of beachrocks in a fresh-water environment, Lake Iznik, NW Turkey(Elsevier, 2012) Erginal, Ahmet Evren; Kiyak, Nafiye Gunec; Ozturk, Muhammed Zeynel; Avcioglu, Mustafa; Bozcu, Mustafa; Yiğitbaş, ErdinçThis paper focuses on the cement characteristics and optical luminescence age of late Pleistocene-Holocene beachrock, exposed on the southeast shore of freshwater Lake Iznik in northwest Turkey, based on field observations, various spectroscopic analyses and optical dating results. The studied beachrock is a poorly-sorted coastal conglomerate composed mostly of gravels derived from surrounding volcanic rocks and marbles as well as quartz and carbonate grains. We identified different types of cements; dominated by micritic envelopes, bladed isopachous aragonite rims, void fills, radial aggregates and meniscus bridges, implying no single origin. Cementation characteristics indicate that marine-like cement micro-fabrics may occur in freshwater lake environments where the lake-water chemistry favors carbonate precipitation. OSL data revealed the existence of older beachrock dating back to 20.2 ka, together with younger Holocene-age beachrock of between 5.6 and 2.4 ka. This suggests that younger beachrocks have been superimposed on older cemented carbonates through the removal of carbonates by wave motion (splash and spray) during lower lake level conditions. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Determination of alteration zones and geological unit limits using natural radioactivity properties of Sandıklı-Suhut areas(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Uyanık, N. Ayten; Öncü, Ziya; Uyanık, Osman; Bozcu, MustafaThis study aims to determine the radioactivity properties of the geological units outcropped in the area between Sandıklı-Şuhut (Afyonkarahisar) and reveal the origin and boundary relations of geological units by taking advantage of these properties. The geologic units outcropping in the region consist of Paleozoic metamorphics, Mesozoic olistrostromal sediments and mega limestone blocks, Tertiary volcanic and volcaniclastics, and fluvial and lacustrine sediments. In the contacts of these geological units, alteration zones developed at the influence of thermal fluids due to volcanic activity. These zones exhibit different radiological characteristics depending on the lithological features of the geological units and their proximity to volcanic activity. The measured 238U, 232Th and, 40K activity concentrations, U/Th, Th/U, Th/K, and U/K values, Efimov parameter depending on these activity concentrations indicate characterizations that can estimate the boundaries of the alteration zones and geological units. The alteration zones and limits of geological units were determined using the maps generated from measured and calculated parameters. In addition, many trachyandesitic dykes and thin lava levels that could not be marked in the units signed as agglomerate, tuff, and lava in the geological map, were determined on the radioactive maps with high anomaly values.Öğe Determination of Tectonic and Volcanic Structures with the aid of Lineaments: Example from Can-Etili (Canakkale) Lignite Basin(Tmmob Jeoloji Muhendisleri Odasi, 2019) Karaca, Oznur; Bozcu, MustafaIn this study, the aim is to determine the volcanic and tectonic structures developed in the Can-Etili Lignite basin with the aid of satellite images. The Can-Etili lignite basin consists of Oligocene-Early Miocene volcanics (Can Volcanics) overlying early-Middle Miocene lignite-bearing stream and lake sediments (Can formation) occurring above an unconformity. In order to complete this study, two different satellite images (ASTER and ALOS-PALSAR) and a digital elevation model (DEM) of the region were used. Multispectral optical remote sensing data provide information about material composition, while radar data reflect surface topography and morphology better. During mapping of lineaments on satellite images, in addition to visual assessment, image processing techniques were used. A variety of orientation filters were applied to ASTER satellite images for lineament mapping. The lineaments on PALSAR images were determined with visual methods. Using DEM data along with ASTER and PALSAR satellite images for the study area, lineaments were mapped. The results were shown that a significant portion of the lineaments had NE-SW strike. This orientation coincides with the NE-SW striking Can-Etili fault. Additionally, some curved linear structures were obtained from satellite images and are interpreted to be associated with caldera development.Öğe Eolianite and coquinite as evidence of MIS 6 and 5, NW Black Sea coast, Turkey(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2017) Erginal, Ahmet Evren; Kiyak, Nafiye Gunec; Selim, Hamit Haluk; Bozcu, Mustafa; Ozturk, Muhammed Zeynel; Ekinci, Yunus Levent; Demirci, AlperThis paper discusses the implications of a lowstand carbonate eolianite and overlying transgressive sequence of coquinite at Sile on the Turkish Black Sea coast based on composition, depositional characteristics and optical age estimations. The cross-bedded eolianite is a mixed ooid quartz grainstone in composition, yielding a depositional age matching MIS 6. It formed at the backshore of the paleobeach with the supply of sediment the from the beach face and offering insights into the drift of mixed shallow marine carbonates and siliciclastics together with radial ooids by onshore winds from a subaerially exposed high- to low-energy ooid shoals and oolitic sand complexes which developed parallel to the shoreline on the shallow shelf margin. During this lowstand, a low-relief dune retaining a record of opposing paleowind directions than that of prevalent northeasterly winds of today appears to have been lithified to form dune rock (aeolinite) under drier conditions compared to the present. Coinciding with MIS 5e, shallow marine coquina beds resting unconformably on the eolianite indicate the occurrence of the Mediterranean transgression during the last interglacial, as confirmed by benthic foraminifera within the high-salinity tolerant coquina shells. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Etili (Çanakkale) güneyindeki plütonik ve volkanik kayaların petrografisi ve jeokimyası(2008) Türkdönmez, Oya; Bozcu, Mustafa: Çalışma alanı, Biga Yarımadası'nda Kazdağ yükseliminin kuzeyinde Etili çevresinde yer alır. Biga Yarımadası'nda Eosen'den Pliyosen'e kadar farklı dönemlerde aktif olmuş magmatizmanın plütonik ve volkanik ürünleri bir arada ve yaygın olarak bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Etili güneyinde yer alan Ağı dağı ve çevresindeki plütonik ve volkanik kayaçların jeolojik konumları ile petrografik ve jeokimyasal özellikleri araştırılmıştır. İnceleme alanındaki plütonik kayaçlar petrografik çalışmalar doğrultusunda çoğunlukla granüler ve porfiritik dokulu olup, plajioklas, K-feldispat, amfibol (hornblend), biyotit ve kuvars mineralerini içerir. SİO2 - Na2O+K2O diyagramında granit, granodiyorit ve kuvars diyorit bileşimindedirler. Volkanik kayaçlarda ise bu durum traki andezitten riyolite kadar değişmekte ve çoğunlukla, andezit olmak üzere dasit, trakiandezit ve riyolit bileşimlerde görülmektedir. Plütonik ve volkanik kayaçların SİO2 - Na2O+K2O değişim diyagramlarında ( toplam alkali-silika = TAS) subalkali alanda yer aldıkları görülür. Na20+K2O - FeO - MgO (AFM) üçgen diyagramında ise örneklerin çoğu kalkalkalen alanda bulunmakta ve kalkalkalen trend göstermektedir. Ayrıca plütonik ve volkanik kayaçların Si02 değerine karşı TİO2,Al2O3,Fe2o3,Mgo, CaO, MnO, Na2O değerlerinde güçlü negatif korelasyon ve buna karşın, K2O değerinde ise güçlü pozitif korelasyon göstermesi fraksiyonel kristalleşme süreçlerini yansıtır. inceleme alanındaki plütonik ve volkanik kayaların majör element, iz element ve nadir toprak elementleri sonuçlarına dayanarak, bu kayaçların oluşumunda fraksiyonel kristalleşmeninÖğe Evolution of Can-Etili (Canakkale-NW Turkey) lignite basin: Sedimentology, petrology, palynology and lignite characterization(Irtces, 2015) Bozcu, Mustafa; Akgun, Funda; Gurdal, Gulbin; Bozcu, Ayse; Yesilyurt, Sevinc Kapan; Karaca, Oznur; Akkiraz, M. SerkanThis study examines the development and sedimentology of Can-Etili lignite basin in Biga Peninsula (NW Turkey) along with the palynologic and petrographic properties of the coals in this region. The Can-Etili lignite basin discordantly overlies Oligocene-aged Can volcanics. The basin consists of caldera type sedimentation developed by the combined effects of volcanism and tectonics. The volcanic rocks forming the basement of the basin consist of andesitic, dacitic and basaltic lava flows as well as agglomerates, tuff and silicified tuffs, and kaolin which is their alteration product. The basement volcanic rocks cooled from high potassium and calc-alkaline magma. The trace element geochemistry of different rocks within the volcanics reveals that they are from a volcanic arc. The Can Formation contains lignites and consists of 6 lithofacies representing alluvial, fluvial, marsh and lacustrine environments. These lithofacies are the lower volcanogenic conglomerate, the claystone, the lignite, the laminated organic claystone, the tuff intercalated sandstone-siltstone and the upper volcanogenic conglomerate. The lignite in the basin is limnic and is formed in a non-fluvial marsh and marsh-lake environment. An abundant percentage of vegetation (Engelhardia, Sapotaceae, Cyrillaceae) is compatible with temperate and subtropical climatic conditions in the basin during sedimentation of lignite. The coals of Can-Etili basin are humic with high sulfur content (6-6.5% average) mostly containing huminite compounds belonging to the class of lignite-low bituminous (C-A) coal. Their coalification rank is between 0.38% and 0.56% Ro. The coals are formed in limnic-limnotelmatic marsh zones based on their microlithotype components. The inorganic components of the coal mostly consist of pyrite and clay. The trace elements, As, Th, U and V, are higher than international coal standards. The coal quality is adversely affected by high sulfur content and sulfur driven trace element enrichments. The lignite reserve (possible-proved) of Can-Etili basin is greater than a hundred million tons, and the average coal seam thickness is 17 m. The lignite production in the basin is 3 mt/year and 1.8 million tons of this are used in the local thermal power plant. (C) 2015 International Research and Training Centre on Erosion and Sedimentation/the World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe FEASIBILITY STUDY OF THE KOCABASLAR GEOTHERMAL FIELD (LAPSEKI/CANAKKALE/TURKEY)(Stef92 Technology Ltd, 2016) Deniz, Ozan; Bozcu, Mustafa; Ates, OzkanThe aim of this study is to research geothermal potential of the Kocabaslar hot spring. Geological, hydrogeological and geophysical investigations were conducted related to topic around the hot spring. Lithological units which composed of Eocene volcanics, Eocene sedimentary rocks and Quaternary alluvium were determined in the geological study. There are many tectonic lines in the region. Kocabaslar hot spring flows up through approximately E-W trending normal fault zone. Hydrogeological field measurements show that discharge, temperature, electrical conductivity, Eh and ph values of this hot spring are 0.5 L/s, 36 degrees C, 1212 microS/cm, 67 mV and 7.8, respectively, Electrical conductivity, discharge and temperature values are low. According to the chemical analysis results of samples taken from the hot and cold groundwater in the field, geothermal water is Na-Ca-SO4-HCO3 type and cold water generally Ca-Mg-HCO3-CO3 type. Thermal water is mixing with highly cold groundwater along the flow path. Results of isotope analysis (Oxygene-18, Deuterium and Tritium) show that this thermal water is at least older than 40 years and meteoric origin. Geophysical measurements (resistivity and induced polarization (IP) methods) were carried out along the 5 lines. Resistivity and chargeability cross sections were prepared using the inverse solution techniques. These cross sections and other data indicate that geothermal fluid may occur in the particular points and depths. There is any geothermal well drilled in this site before. Because of this reason there is a little knowledge about the geothermal potential of the geological units. It is suitable narrow drilling at least one point to research and develop of this geothermal field.Öğe Fethiye-Burdur fay zonunun bazı neotektonik ve paleosismolojik özellikleri, GB-Türkiye(2007) Bozcu, Mustafa; Yağmurlu, Fuzuli; Şentürk, MuratBu inceleme,GB Anadolu'da Fethiye-Burdur fay zonunun bazı neotektonik ve paleosismolojik özelliklerinin ortaya konmasını amaçlar. Fay zonu, Fethiye Körfezi ile Burdur Gölü arasında yaklaşık 300 km uzanımlı ve sol oblik atım bileşenine sahip çok sayıda normal faylardan oluşur. Bu zon aynı zamanda,GB Anadolu'nun en önemli aktif faylarını içermektedir. KD-GB yönünde kesikli (an achelon=aralı aşmalı) bir uzanım gösteren Burdur fay zonu, KB gidişli faylar tarafından kesilerek farklı uzunlukta segmentlere ayrılır. Burdur Gölünün güney bölümünde yer alan Burdur ve Tefenni segmentleri 60-70 km.' ye ulaşan uzunlukları ile yörenin en aktif kırık hatlarını meydana getirir. Tarihsel deprem kayıtları ve yüzey kırık verileri, 7.1 büyüklüğündeki 1914 depreminin ve 6.2 büyüklüğündeki 1971 depreminin Burdur segmenti üzerinde oluştuğunu gösterir. 1914 ve 1971 depremleri ile ilgili olarak meydana gelen düşey yer değiştirmelerin, deformasyonların ve kolüviyal oluşukların detaylı biçimde incelenmesi amacıyla Burdur segmenti üzerinde Burdur ve Yassıgüme mevkilerinde hendek (trench) çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Burdur fayı Yassıgüme yöresinde tek bir fay çizgisinden yapılı olup, topoğrafyada genç tortullar içinde oluşturduğu eşikler ve yersel gözlenen fay aynası üzerindeki sol oblik bileşenli kayma çizikleri ile açık olarak ayırdedilir. Yassıgüme yöresinde açılan hendekte farklı fasiyeste gelişmiş alüviyal ve kolüviyal oluşukların yanı sıra 1971 depremi sırasında 70 cm lik bir düşey yer değiştirmenin meydana geldiği saptanmıştır. Burdur fay zonunun en önemli bileşenini oluşturan Burdur segmenti Burdur Gölünün güney bölümünde, gerçekte birbirine parelel gelişmiş KD uzanımlı ve basamak şekilli 4 farklı oblik fay sisteminden oluşur.Aynı zamanda Burdur şehir merkezinden geçen bu faylar, yerleşim alanı içinde basamaklı bir topoğrafik yapının gelişmesine neden olmuşlardır. Burdur yerleşim alanının güneyinde pekleşmemiş genç tortullar içinde açılan hendeklerde gölsel çamurtaşları ile plaj ortamına ait iyi boylanmış çapraz katmanlı kumların yanısıra kolüviyal oluşuklar ayırdedilmiştir. 1914 depremi ile yaşıt olabilecek fay düzlemi ve bununla ilişkili yarık dolgu fasiyesine ait kolüviyal tortullar ile bunlara eşlik eden çamur daykları bu yöredeki yarmalar ve hendeklerde yer alan en önemli oluşuklardır. Diğer taraftan yarmalarda yer alan faylar genellikle 90 ile 250 cm lik düşey atımlara sahip olup, çoğu yerde kolüviyal oluşukları kesmiş olarak gözlenir. Buna göre hendek ve yarmalarda gözlenen en genç faylar aynı zamanda en fazla düşey atıma sahip faylardır. Genç tortullarda faylanmaya bağlı gelişen eğimlenmeler ve buna eşlik eden yersel uyumsuzluklar olağan yapılardır.Burdur segmenti üzerinde 03.04.2002 ve 05.04.2002 tarihlerinde meydana gelen 3.9 ve 4.0 büyüklüğündeki depremler, bu segment üzerindeki sismik aktivitenin günümüzde de devam ettiğini göstermesi bakımından önemlidir. Diğer taraftan bu son depremlere ait fay çözümleri, Burdur segmentinin sol oblik atımlı bir normal fay olduğunu doğrulamaktadır.Öğe First note on marine-like cementation of Late Holocene beachrock, Iznik Lake (Turkey)(Versita, 2012) Erginal, Ahmet E.; Kiyak, Nafiye G.; Ozturk, Muhammed Z.; Yiğitbaş, Erdinç; Bozcu, Mustafa; Avcioglu, Mustafa; Ozturk, BeyhanMicro-fabric characteristics and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating results are presented to discuss the controlling agents and timing of beachrock cementation on the fresh-water Iznik Lake shoreline. The beachrocks are made up of grain-supported polygenic conglomerate containing 20.42% carbonate with encrusted grains, basically as micrite coatings, isopachous aragonite rims, cryptocrystalline void fills and meniscus bridges. The optical ages of twelve samples yielded ages that range from 4.226 +/- 0.569 ka on the lowermost beds to 0.706 +/- 0.081 on the uppermost. This is the first report of precipitation of marine-like cements in Iznik Lake. The abundant aragonite-dominated cement is likely indicative of precipitation-prone dry evaporative conditions from the climatic optimum to the last millennia.Öğe First record of beachrock on Black Sea coast of Turkey: Implications for Late Holocene sea-level fluctuations(Elsevier, 2013) Erginal, Ahmet Evren; Ekinci, Yunus Levent; Demirci, Alper; Bozcu, Mustafa; Ozturk, Muhammed Zeynel; Avcioglu, Mustafa; Oztura, ErdalWe present new data on the diagenetic characteristics, subsurface nature and radiocarbon ages of beachrock from the Thracian Black Sea coast of Turkey, indicative of sea-level changes and climatic conditions favoring lithification of beach sands between 5.4 ka and 3.5 ka cal BP. Micrite coatings and succeeding meniscus cements typify diagenetic history and suggest a two-stage cementation over this timeframe. The early cements are typical of upper intertidal zone when the sea-level was likely similar to that of today. The ensuing intergranular bridges refer to an approximate 2 m decline in sea-level, favoring downward percolation of meteoric waters related to subaerial exposure, marked by a reduction in Mg concentration and dissolution pits on early cement coatings. Formation of beachrock during this bimillennial period could be associated with relatively drier conditions promoting the precipitation of connective cements. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Gelibolu Yarımadası batı kıyılarında alveolar ayrışmanın kökeni üzerine ilk bulgular(2007) Erginal, A. Evren; Gönüz, Ahmet; Bozcu, Mustafa; Ateş, A. Suat; Çetiner, Ziya S.Gelibolu Yarımadası'nın batı kesiminde, Suvla Koyu kuzeyinde yer alan Büyükkemikli Burnu'nda alveolar ayrışmayı karakterize eden çeşitli spesifik ayrışma şekilleri gözlenmiştir. Arazi bulguları ve analitik veriler Oligosen kumtaşları üzerinde gelişen alveolar ayrışmanın karbonat çimentolu, biyotit ve plajiyoklaz bakımından zengin, orta-ince tekstürlü kumtaşları üzerinde yoğunluk kazandığını göstermektedir. Alveolizasyon ideal olarak 33-40° arasında denize doğru eğimli kumtaşı tabakalarının yüzeylerinde gelişmektedir. Ayrıca ayrışmanın kumtaşındaki mikro gözenek ve mikro çatlak sistemleri ile ilişkili olduğu ve gelgit içi zon boyunca biyojen kökenli şekillenme ile desteklendiği anlaşılmaktadır. Mayıs-Ağustos periyodunda etkili olan buharlaşma koşulları nedeniyle dalga yıkama zonu içerisinde tuz ayrıştırması etkilidir. Ayrıca güney sektörlü rüzgar etkisini dik açıyla alan tabaka alınları üzerinde ise elips şekilli ayrışma hücreleri ve tafoni oluşumları egemendir. Poligonal çatlak sistemlerinin demir oksit sıvanımından dolayı sertleşmiş olan kenar kısımları alveolizasyonu sınırlamaktadır.Öğe Geochemical and mantle-like isotopic (Nd, Sr) composition of the Baklan Granite from the Muratdagi Region (Banaz, Usak), western Turkey(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2008) Aydogan, M. Selman; Coban, Hakan; Bozcu, Mustafa; Akinci, OemerThe (late syn)-post-collisional magmatic activities of western and northwestern Anatolia are characterized by intrusion of a great number of granitoids. Amongst them, Baklan Granite, located in the southern part of the Muratdagi Region from the Menderes Massif (Banaz, Usak), has peculiar chemical and isotopic characteristics. The Baklan rocks are made up by K-feldspar, plagioclase, quartz, biotite and hornblende, with accessory apatite, titanite and magnetite, and include mafic microgranular enclaves (MME). Chemically, the Baklan intrusion is of sub-alkaline character, belongs to the high-K, calc-alkaline series and displays features of I-type affinity. It is typically metaluminous to mildly peraluminous, and classified predominantly as granodiorite in composition. The spider and REE patterns show that the rocks are fractionated and have small negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.62-0.86), with the depiction of Nb, Ti, P and, to a lesser extent, Ba and Sr. The pluton was dated by the K-Ar method on the whole-rock, yielded ages between 17.8 +/- 0.7 and 19.4 +/- 0.9 Ma (Early Miocene). The intrusion possesses primitive low initial Sr-87/Sr-16 ratios (0.70331-0.70452) and negative epsilon(Nd(t)) values (-5.0 to -5.6). The chemical contrast between evolved Baklan rocks (SiO2, 62-71 wt.%; Cr, 7-27 ppm; Ni, 5-11 ppm; Mg#, 45-51) and more primitive clinopyroxene-bearing monzonitic enclaves (SiO2, 54-59 wt.%; Cr, 20-310 ppm; Ni, 10-70 ppm; Mg#, 50-61) signifies that there is no co-genetic link between host granite and enclaves. The chemical and isotopic characteristics of the Baklan intrusion argue for an important role of a juvenile component, such as underplated mantle-derived basalt, in the generation of the granitoids. Crustal contamination has not contributed significantly to their origin. However, with respect to those of the Baklan intrusion, the generation of the (late syn)- post-collisional intrusions with higher Nd(t) values from the western Anatolia require a much higher amount of juvenil component in their source domains. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Geochemistry of oligo-miocene coals in gelibolu Peninsula, Nw turkey(International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference, 2014) Demirtaş, Ferdi; Koşun, Erdal; Bozcu, MustafaThe concentrations and distributions of major and trace elements, including potentially hazardous trace elements, in coals from two coal beds in Gelibolu Peninsula, NW Turkey, have been determined in this study. Coal-bearing sequences are located in Oligocene and Miocene formations. Major and trace element concentrations of the thirteen coal samples were determined by inductively coupled-plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). In order to determine the enrichment of trace elements, comparisons are made to Turkey and world coals. Si, Al and Fe are the most abundant elements detected in the both coal seams. They are probably associated with clay minerals, quartz and pyrite. The most abundant trace elements are Ba and Sr with an average concentration of 209 ppm and 162.1 ppm, respectively, followed by As, Ni and Zr, which have average concentrations above 50 ppm. The remaining elements have average concentrations below 50 ppm. Some of the potentially hazardous trace elements including As, Ni, Th, and V have concentrations higher than the range of world coal averages. Compared to two coal seams (Oligocene and Miocene), they have similar concentration of trace elements, however, Zn, Ni, Y, Cs and Rb are more abundant in Oligocene coals, whereas, As, U, Mo, and W are more abundant in Miocene coals. © SGEM2014. All Rights Reserved.Öğe GEOCHEMISTRY OF OLIGO-MIOCENE COALS IN GELIBOLU PENINSULA, NW TURKEY(Stef92 Technology Ltd, 2014) Demirtas, Ferdi; Kosun, Erdal; Bozcu, MustafaThe concentrations and distributions of major and trace elements, including potentially hazardous trace elements, in coals from two coal beds in Gelibolu Peninsula, NW Turkey, have been determined in this study. Coal-bearing sequences are located in Oligocene and Miocene formations. Major and trace element concentrations of the thirteen coal samples were determined by inductively coupled-plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). In order to determine the enrichment of trace elements, comparisons are made to Turkey and world coals. Si, Al and Fe are the most abundant elements detected in the both coal seams. They are probably associated with clay minerals, quartz and pyrite. The most abundant trace elements are Ba and Sr with an average concentration of 209 ppm and 162.1 ppm, respectively, followed by As, Ni and Zr, which have average concentrations above 50 ppm. The remaining elements have average concentrations below 50 ppm. Some of the potentially hazardous trace elements including As, Ni, Th, and V have concentrations higher than the range of world coal averages. Compared to two coal seams (Oligocene and Miocene), they have similar concentration of trace elements, however, Zn, Ni, Y, Cs and Rb are more abundant in Oligocene coals, whereas, As, U, Mo, and W are more abundant in Miocene coals.Öğe Geological Features and Lithostratigraphy of Eocene-Oligocene Magmatic Rocks in the Dededağ Area-Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey(2021) Erenoğlu, Oya; Bozcu, MustafaIn NW Anatolia, Eocene-Oligocene post-collisional magmatism continued over long intervals. In this study, the aim is to reveal the lithostratigraphic position and geochemical characteristics of volcanic rocks outcropping southeast of Lapseki (Çanakkale) in NW Anatolia. The magmatic rocks that comprise the topic of this study can be classified lithostratigraphically into 6 different units in the region. In the Eocene period, there are calc-alkaline Laledağ granodiorite and Beyçayır volcanic rocks with andesite and dacite composition and intermediate character, and also Kızıldam volcanic rocks with alkaline and basic character (basaltic trachyandesite, trachybasalt). Furthermore, in the Oligocene period, calc-alkaline volcanism starting with Dededağ volcanics, which have dacite and rhyolite composition and acidic-intermediate character, continued with the Kırcalar volcanics consisting of basalt and basaltic andesite, and the Harmancık volcanics ranging from basalt to rhyolite. The Çamyayla Pluton intruded into Oligocene volcanic rocks in the region. In this study, the geochemical data proved that magmatic units have alkaline and calc-alkaline character in the Eocene-Oligocene period. Alkaline lavas in the region are classified as high K and shoshonitic and calc-alkaline lavas are medium-high-K.
