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    Celery harvesting causes losses of soil: A case study in Turkey
    (Elsevier, 2018) Parlak, Mehmet; Cicek, Giyasettin; Blanco-Canqui, Humberto
    Soil loss due to crop harvesting (SLCH) could contribute to the total soil loss, but the extent of such losses could vary among root crops. While many have studied SLCH with different crops, studies on SLCH for celery are unavailable. Thus, we quantified SLCH of celery (Apium graveolens L.) in northwest Turkey, a region with 19% of celery production in Turkey. We also studied the factors influencing SLCH and the cost of nutrients lost with soil due to celery harvesting. Soil loss due to manual celery harvest ranged from 1.41 to 8.52 Mg ha(-1) harvest(-1) with an average value of 4.00 Mg ha(-1) harvest(-1). Clay, lime, organic matter, and soil moisture content explained about 35% of the variation of SLCH. The estimated annual cost of nutrient lost with soil was US$ 6.18 per hectare. The significant soil loss due to celery harvesting should be taken into account when estimating total soil erosion.
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    Patch Burning: Implications on Water Erosion and Soil Properties
    (Wiley, 2015) Parlak, Altingul Ozaslan; Parlak, Mehmet; Blanco-Canqui, Humberto; Schacht, Walter H.; Guretzky, John A.; Mamo, Martha
    Patch burning can be a potential management tool to create grassland heterogeneity and enhance forage productivity and plant biodiversity, but its impacts on soil and environment have not been widely documented. In summer 2013, we studied the effect of time after patch burning (4 mo after burning [recently burned patches], 16 mo after burning [older burned patches], and unburned patches [control]) on vegetative cover, water erosion, and soil properties on a patch-burn experiment established in 2011 on a Yutan silty clay loam near Mead, NE. The recently burned patches had 29 +/- 8.0% (mean +/- SD) more bare ground, 21 +/- 1.4% less canopy cover, and 40 +/- 11% less litter cover than older burned and unburned patches. Bare ground and canopy cover did not differ between the older burned and unburned patches, indicating that vegetation recovered. Runoff depth from the older burned and recently burned patches was 2.8 times (19.6 +/- 4.1 vs. 7.1 +/- 3.0 mm [mean +/- SD]) greater than the unburned patches. The recently burned patches had 4.5 times greater sediment loss (293 +/- 89 vs. 65 +/- 56 g m(-2)) and 3.8 times greater sediment-associated organic C loss (9.2 +/- 2.0 vs. 2.4 +/- 1.9 g m(-2)) than the older burned and unburned patches. The recently burned patches had increased daytime soil temperature but no differences in soil compaction and structural properties, dissolved nutrients, soil C, and total N concentration relative to older burned and unburned patches. Overall, recently burned patches can have reduced canopy and litter cover and increased water erosion, but soil properties may not differ from older burn or unburned patches under the conditions of this study.
  • Küçük Resim
    Öğe
    Soil Loss due to Sugar Beet Harvesting in Northwestern Turkey
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Parlak, Mehmet; Everest, Timuçin; Blanco-Canqui, Humberto
    The impact of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) harvesting on soil loss in high sugar beet-producing regions is not well understood. The objectives of this study were to (1) quantify soil loss due to sugar beet harvesting, (2) identify the potential factors influencing soil loss, and (3) estimate the cost of nutrients lost with soil due to sugar beet harvesting in northwestern Turkey. Sugar beet was harvested from three representative sites in northwestern Turkey. The amount of soil and nutrients lost as well as cost of nutrients lost was computed. Additionally, soil properties including water content, bulk density, particle-size distribution, and concentrations of organic matter, nutrients, and lime were measured at the time of sugar beet harvesting to study correlations with soil loss. The mean annual soil loss due to sugar beet harvesting was 1.63 Mg ha−1 harvest−1. The amount of nutrients lost with soil was 1.84 kg ha−1 for N, 0.019 kg ha−1 for P, and 0.91 kg ha−1 for K. Soil water content, particle-size distribution, bulk density, lime, organic matter, and yield explained about 68% of the total variation in soil loss due to sugar beet harvesting. The estimated cost of nutrients lost with soil was $1.57 ha−1 per sugar beet harvest. Results show that sugar beet harvesting causes significant losses of soil and nutrients in a high sugar beet-producing region in Turkey.
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    Soil losses due to carrot harvesting in south central Turkey
    (Elsevier, 2016) Parlak, Mehmet; Palta, Cetin; Yokus, Sedat; Blanco-Canqui, Humberto; Carkaci, Durmu Ali
    Harvest of root crops such as carrots (Daucus carota L.), sugar beets (Beta vulgaris L), potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), and turnips (Brassica rapa) may cause significant losses of soil from croplands. The soil loss due to crop harvesting (SLCH) may be as severe as that by water, wind, and tillage erosion, but experimental data on SLCH, particularly due to carrot harvesting, are limited. Thus, we quantified soil losses due to carrot harvesting in the Konya Basin, south central Turkey, and discussed its implications for the sustainable management and conservation of croplands in the region. About 60% of carrot in Turkey is produced in the Konya Basin. During the harvest season in November 2013, carrot was harvested manually and mechanically at four representative locations and soil removed with the carrot roots was determined. Results showed that the mean annual soil loss was 22.4 Mg-1 ha(-1) for manual and 14.0 Mg-1 ha(-1) for machine harvesting. It is important to note that these large losses of soil due to carrot harvest occur every four years because carrot is grown in a four year rotation with other crops in the study region. Under manual harvesting, clay and soil organic matter content explained 76% of the variability in SLCH. Under machine harvesting, crop yield and the liquid limit of the soil explained 50% of the variability of SLCH. Overall, manual and machine harvests of carrot roots cause significant losses of soil, and can be an important contributor to the total soil erosion in the study region. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.