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Öğe Amitriptilinin Çipura (Sparus aurata) Serum Biyokimyası Üzerindeki Etkisi(2022) Kenanoğlu, Osman Nezih; Kenanoğlu, Nihan Akıncı; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Bilen, SonerAmitriptilin, depresyonun yanında, birçok nöropatik ve infalamatuar hastalığın tedavisinde sıklıkla kullanılan trisiklik antidepresandır. Bu çalışmada, sucul ortama karışması sonucunda uzun süre kalıcılık gösterme özelliğine sahip olan amitriptilin antidepresanının çipura (Sparus aurata) balıklarının serum biyokimyasına olan etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla çipura balıkları 14 gün boyunca 0,2 µg/L, 10 µg/L, 100 µg/L ve 1 mg/L’lik amitriptilin konsantrasyonlarına maruz bırakılmıştır. Çalışmanın 7. ve 14. gününde alınan balıkların kan serum örneklerinden glukoz (GLU), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLO), total protein (TPROT), trigliserit (TRİ), kolesterol (KOL), aspartat aminotransferaz (AST), alanin aminotransferaz (ALT), alkalen fosfataz (ALP) ve laktat dehidrogenaz (LDH) biyokimyasal parametreleri belirlenmiştir. 7. günde anlamlı bir farklılık göstermeyen tüm serum biyokimya parametrelerinden, trigliserid, kolesterol, AST, ALP ve LDH değerlerinde 14. günde anlamlı değişimler meydana gelmiştir (p [EN] Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant that is frequently used in the treatment of many neuropathic and inflammatory diseases as well as depression. In this study, the effect of amitriptyline antidepressant, which has long-lasting properties as a result of contamination to the aquatic environment, on the serum biochemistry of sea bream (Sparus aurata) fish was investigated. For this purpose, sea bream were exposed to amitriptyline concentrations of 0.2 µg/L, 10 µg/L, 100 µg/L and 1 mg/L for 14 days. Glucose (GLU), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLO), total protein (TPROT), triglyceride (TRI), cholesterol (COL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) biochemical parameters were determined from the blood serum samples of the fish taken on the 7th and 14th days of the study. While all serum biochemistry parameters did not show a significant difference on the 7th day, significant changes occurred in the triglyceride, cholesterol, AST, ALP and LDH values on the 14th day (pÖğe Bazı doğal bitkilerin gökkuşağı alabalığının (Oncorhynchus mykiss) spesifik olmayan bağışıklık sistemi üzerine etkileri(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2009) Bilen, Soner; Cirik, Şükran; Bulut, MusaBu çalışmada, defne ve tetra bitkilerinin alabalıkların spesifik olmayan bağışıklıksistemi üzerinde meydana getirdiği değişiklikler incelenmiştir. Balıklar, üç hafta süresince% 0,5 ve % 1'i tetra ve defne içeren yemlerle her gün doyana kadar beslenmişlerdir.Üçüncü hafta sonunda deneme yemi kesilip kontrol yemine dönülmüştür. Spesifik olmayanbağışıklık sistemi üzerinde meydana gelen değişimlerden hücre içi ve hücre dışı solunumetkisi, fagozitik aktivite, lizozim aktivitesi ve toplam protein seviyeleri üçüncü hafta,altıncı hafta ve dokuzuncu hafta sonunda kontrol edilmiştir. Üçüncü, altıncı ve dokuzuncuhaftalar sonunda % 0,5 ve % 1 tetra içeren yemlerle beslenen balıkların hücre içi ve hücredışı solunum etkisi, fagozitik aktivite, lizozim aktivitesi ve toplam protein seviyeleri defneiçeren yemlerle beslenen ve kontrol grubundan yüksek bulunmuştur (P<0,05). Aynıdönemlerde defne grupları ile kontrol grubu arasında bir farklılık olmamıştır (P>0,05). Enyüksek değerler ise % 1 tetra içeren yemlere beslenen gruptan elde edilmiştir. Tetra vedefnenin balıkların büyümesine ve yem değerlendirme oranına herhangi bir etkisiolmamıştır (P>0,05).Anahtar sözcükler: Bağışıklık uyarıcı, alabalık, defne, Laurus nobilis, tetra, Cotinuscoggyria.Öğe Early ontogenic development of the fatty acid composition in seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) eggs and juveniles from captive broodstocks(Adem Yavuz SÖNMEZ, 2014) Tan, Serap; Bulut, Musa; Bilen, SonerIn the present study, effects of different diets on the fatty acid composition of hatched seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) at after fertilization of the egg (E), and yolk sac (Y) stages have been investigated. In the study, the fish were fed with Artemia (A), Artemia-microparticulate mix (AMD) and microparticulate diet (M). According to the results of the study, the levels of total PUFAs in the total lipid (TL) were significantly higher in eggs (E) (P<0.05) compared to the other groups. 14:1, 15:1, 17:1 and 22:1n 9 and also aracidonic acid and docosaksaneoic acid could not be detected in Artemia but detectable in E and Y groups. During the development stages, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), arachidonic (20:4n6 ArA), eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA) were decreased significantly (P<0.05) till the AMD stage. ArA, EPA and DHA were used as energy sources by Dicentrarchus labrax larvae. Total n-3 content showed the highest levels at the AMD stage, which was followed by the M, E, Y and A stages, respectively. EPA/DHA ratio was the highest in the AMD group (P>0.05). In the study, seabass fatty acid composition at different growth stages was affected by diet composition. After feeding stage especially in the AMD and M groups, essential fatty acids were provided from diets.Öğe Effects of Dietary Incorporation of Tetra (Cotinus coggygria) Extract on Immune Response and Resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in Koi Carp (Cyprinus carpio)(Israeli Journal Of Aquaculture-Bamidgeh, 2014) Bilen, Soner; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Bilen, Asli Muge; Biswas, GourangaIn this study, immunostimulant effects of dietary supplementation of tetra (Cotinus coggygria) extract on the non-specific immune response, and protection against Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) were investigated. Koi were fed with tetra extract incorporated diets containing 0 (Control), 0.5 (Te1), 1.0 (Te2) and 1.5 g/kg (Te3), for 30 days. At the end of the study there were no differences in the values of hematological parameters between treatments. However, red blood cell counts were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in Te2 group. Nitroblue tetrazolium activity was higher in all the treatment groups compared to the control, and highest values were recorded in Te3, Te1 and Te2 groups, respectively. Lysozyme and myeloperoxidase activity of the treatment groups was significantly enhanced compared to control (P < 0.05), and higher values of lysozyme and myeloperoxidase activity were seen in Te3, Te2 and Te1 groups, respectively. In the challenge study with A. hydrophila (108 CFU/ml) administered after 30 days of feeding where the Koi received Te3, Te2, Te1, and control diets, they had 13.3, 20.0, 26.7, and 40.0% mortality, respectively. Tetra extract supplemented diets enhanced the immunological responses and triggered the immune system of Koi carp against A. hydrophila infection.Öğe Effects of dietary marine sulphated polysaccharides (Algimun®) on growth performance, immune responses and disease resistance of juvenile gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) to Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida(Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, 2022) Guroy, Derya; Guroy, Betul; Bilen, Soner; Terzi, Ertugrul; Kenanoglu, Osman Nezih; Garcia-Suarez, Maria; Marzin, DanieleThe present study evaluated the effects of a dietary mix of marine sulphated polysaccharides, named Algimun (R) (AL), supplementation to gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles in terms of growth performance, immune responses, and resistance against Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida. A total of 240 fish (initial mean weight of 6.00 +/- 0.03 g) was randomly separated into 12 tanks (400 L, 20 fish per tank) distributed in four replicates. Fish were fed three experimental diets: a basal diet (Control), and a basal diet with two inclusion rates of Algimun (R) as 3 g/kg (AL0.3) and 5 g/kg (AL0.5) for 30 days before bacterial infection with P. damselae subsp. piscicida. After a 30-day feeding-period, growth performance was significantly improved in AL0.3 and AL0.5 groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05). AL0.3 and AL0.5 groups showed significantly higher lysozyme activity and myelopemxidase activity when compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The gene expression of immune mediators (IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, TNF-alpha and COX-2) was significantly upregulated in the intestine, spleen and head kidney in AL0.3 and AL0.5 groups when compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Eight days post-challenge, the survival rate against P. damselae subsp. piscicida was numerically higher in fish within AL0.3 and AL0.5 groups compared to control (+20%). The study findings suggest that marine sulphated polysaccharides (Algimun (R)) could be used as an immunomodulator in gilthead seabream to support animal's health and boost resistance in case of disease outbreak.Öğe Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Herbal Oils Containing 1,8-cineole, Carvacrol or Pulegone on Growth Performance, Survival, Fatty Acid Composition, and Liver and Kidney Histology of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fingerlings(Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2015) Sonmez, Adem Yavuz; Bilen, Soner; Albayrak, Mevlut; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Biswas, Gouranga; Hisar, Olcay; Yanik, TalatA feeding trial was performed to assess any beneficial effect of three herbal oils; mint, thyme and sage oils containing 74 g kg-1 pulegone, 77 g kg-1 carvacrol and 76 g kg-11,8-cineole, respectively on growth performance, survival, fatty acid composition, and liver and kidney histology of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Herbal oils were added at 0.5 %, 1.0% and 1.5 % concentrations to a fish meal-based control diet, and each diet was fed to triplicate groups of rainbow trout fingerlings for 60 days with growth parameters recorded weekly. Results showed that FCR was affected negatively in all mint oil diet fed groups where it was higher than that of control and other groups (P<0.05). The lowest FCR values were recorded in the thyme and sage oil containing diets fed groups (P<0.05) with no significant differences between these two groups. SGR was also found lower in mint oil groups than in control. The highest SGR was recorded in thyme and sage oil fed groups (P<0.05). Survival was similar in fish fed with diets containing thyme, sage oil and control diet (P>0.05). However, survival was the lowest in fish fed with mint oil supplemented diets(P<0.05). Whole body fatty acid profiles except total saturated fatty acids are closely influenced by dietary herbal oil administrations. Total polyunsaturated n-6 fatty acid was lowest in 1 % thyme oil and all sage oil diet fed groups (P<0.05). Total polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acid was similar between control and sage oil supplemented groups, but in other groups it was significantly decreased (P<0.05). EPA/DHA ratio was observed significantly low in 1.5 % thyme oil and all groups of sage oil fed fish. There were no histological differences observed in liver or kidney of fish fedwith control and 0.5 % and 1 % thyme and sage oil supplemented diets. The present results showed positive effects of thyme and sage herbal essential oil supplemented diets on growth performance and fatty acid utilization and these oils may be useful feed supplements in production of rainbow trout.Öğe Effects of herbs and spice on health status of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) challenged with Streptococcus iniae(Veterinarni A Farmaceuticka Univerzita Brno, 2014) Gultepe, Nejdet; Bilen, Soner; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Guroy, Derya; Aydin, SeyitEffects of different herbal extracts on the growth and immune defense of fish were researched in the last decade. The aim of this study was to determine the dietary effects of thyme (Thymus vulgaris), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) as a feed additive on haematology, innate immune response, and disease resistance of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). In total 228 healthy fish tilapia were divided into four groups (57 fish in one group) and fed diets supplemented with thyme, rosemary and fenugreek at levels of 1%, respectively; fish in the control group were fed diet without any spices. Fish were fed ad libitum three times a day for 45 days. All fish of the experimental groups significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced phagocytic activity, haematocrit, white blood cell, red blood cell, neutrophil and monocyte counts in blood. Significant (P < 0.05) increase of plasma myeloperoxidase and lysozyme activity was found in fish receiving a feed supplemented with fenugreek after 30 days. Respiratory burst activity was non-significantly (P > 0.05) changed during the whole experiment. After 45 days of feeding, fish were injected intraperitoneally with 100 mu l of Streptococcus iniae (8 x 10 colony forming unit). The cumulative mortality was 22%, 27% and 31% in fish receiving diets supplemented with 1% thyme, rosemary and fenugreek, respectively, compared to 61% mortality in the control group. The results indicate that all three supplements used improved the haematological status, non-specific immune response and disease resistance of tilapia against S. iniae; this is the first similar study.Öğe Effects of Laurel (Laurus nobilis) on the Non-Specific Immune Responses of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum)(Medwell Online, 2010) Bilen, Soner; Bulut, MusaIn this study, it is investigated that immunostimulant effects of laurel powder by dietary intake on rainbow trout. After 14 days of adaptation on a control diet 3 groups of rainbow trout were fed the experimental diets containing 0.5 and 1% laurel leaf powder for 21 days. The fish were then switched back to the control diet. Non-specific immunity was investigated at the end of the 21 day experimental feeding period and then again 42nd, 63rd days later. The non-specific immune parameters, extracellular and intracellular respiratory burst activities, phagocytosis in blood leukocytes, lysozyme and total plasma protein level were evaluated. The result of this study showed no effect on respiratory burst, lysozyme activity and total plasma protein levels. Phagocytic activity of fish fed diet supplemented 0.5 and %1 laurel, respectively was significantly higher than other groups. However, there is no correlation between dosages of laurel.Öğe Effects of laurel (Laurus nobilis) on the non-specific immune responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum)(2010) Bilen, Soner; Bulut, MusaIn this study, it is investigated that immunostimulant effects of laurel powder by dietary intake on rainbow trout. After 14 days of adaptation on a control diet 3 groups of rainbow trout were fed the experimental diets containing 0.5 and 1 % laurel leaf powder for 21 days. The fish were then switched back to the control diet. Non-specific immunity was investigated at the end of the 21 day experimental feeding period and then again 42nd, 63rd days later. The non-specific immune parameters, extracellular and intracellular respiratory burst activities, phagocytosis in blood leukocytes, lysozyme and total plasma protein level were evaluated. The result of this study showed no effect on respiratory burst, lysozyme activity and total plasma protein levels. Phagocytic activity of fish fed diet supplemented 0.5 and %1 laurel, respectively was significantly higher than other groups. However, there is no correlation between dosages of laurel. © Medwell Journals, 2010.Öğe Effectsof Dietary Supplementation of Herbal OilsContaining1,8-cineole, Carvacrol or Pulegone on Growth Performance, Survival, Fatty Acid Composition, andLiver and Kidney Histology of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fingerlings(2015) Sönmez, Adem Yavuz; Bilen, Soner; Albayrak, Mevlüt; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Bıswas, Gouranga; Hisar, Olcay; Yanık, TalatSırasıyla 74 g kg-1 pulegon, 77 g kg-1 karvakrol ve 76 g kg-1 1,8-kinol içeren nane, kekik ve adaçayı gibi üç farklı bitkisel yağın alabalıkların (Oncorhynchus mykiss) büyüme performansı, yaşama, yağ asidi kompozisyonu ile karaciğer ve böbrek histolojisi üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacı ile bu besleme çalışması yürütülmüştür. Bitkisel yağlar balık yemi içerisine % 0,5, % 1 ve % 1,5 oranında eklenmiş, ve her diyet büyüme parametreleri haftalık olarak kontrol edilen 60 günlük çalışmada üç tekerrürlü olarak alabalık yavrularına verilmiştir. FCR tüm nane gruplarında olumsuz etkilenirken diğer tüm gruplardan yüksek tespit edilmiştir (P<0,05). En düşük FCR oranları kekik ve adaçayı içeren gruplarda belirlenmiştir (P<0,05) ve bu gruplar arasında farklılık tespit edilememiştir. SGR nane grubunda kontrol grubunda olduğundan daha düşük çıkmıştır. En yüksek SGR değerleri kekik be adaçayı içeren gruplarla beslenen alabalıklarda gözlenmiştir (P<0,05). Yaşama gücü, kekik, adaçayı ve kontrol grubunda benzer olmuştur (P>0,05). Bununla birlikte nane yağı ile beslenen gruplarda düşük tespit edilmiştir (P<0,05). Toplam doymuş yağ asidi hariç tüm yağ asitleri içeriği bitkisel yağ eklentisi ile değişiklik göstermiştir. Toplam çoklu doymamış n-6 yağ asitleri % 1 kekik ve tüm adaçayı içeren gruplarda en düşük değeri göstermiştir (P<0,05). Toplam çoklu doymamış n-3 yağ asitleri kontrol ve adaçayı yağı ekleniş gruplarda benzerken, diğer gruplarda önemli derecede düşmüştür (P<0,05). EPA/DHA oranı % 1,5 kekik yağı ve tüm adaçayı yağı içeren gruplarda kayda değer düşüktür. Kontrol, % 0,5 ve % 1 kekik ve adaçayı yağı içeren gruplarda karaciğer ya da böbrek histolojilerinde bir farklılık gözlenmemiştir. Bu çalışma sonuçları kekik ve adaçayı ile desteklenmiş yemlerin büyüme performansı ve yağ asidi kullanımı üzerindeki olumlu etki gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur ve bu yağlar alabalık üretiminde yem katkısı olarak kullanışlı olabileceği belirlenmiştirÖğe Farklı protein kaynaklarının Japon balıklarının yem tüketimi ve büyüme performansı üzerine etkileri(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2004) Bilen, Soner; Özen, ÖzcanBu çalışmada, Japon baliğinin (Carassius auratus Linnaeus, 1758), farklı protein kaynaklan ile hazırlanmış diyetlerle beslenerek, yem tüketimi, yem değerlendirmesi ve büyüme performansı üzerine etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla sekiz hafta süren bir besleme çalışması yürütülmüştür. Besleme çalışması, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Fakültesi akvaryum ünitesinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Denemenin başlangıcında 81 adet Japon Balığı 9 adet akvaryuma eşit miktarda ve her bir akvaryumdaki balık ağırlıklarının ortalamaları benzer olacak şekilde (4,78 - 4,85 g arasında) dağıtılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonunda her akvaryumdan 3" er adet balık (Toplam 27 adet) et kompozisyonu analizleri için öldürülmüştür. Balıkların ve deney yemlerinin kimyasal kompozisyonu (kuru madde, protein, yağ ve kül) laboratuarda belirlenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Akvaryum, Japon balığı, Carassius auratus, yem tüketimi, büyüme performansı, protein kaynağı,Öğe Growth performance and antioxidant enzyme activities in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles fed diets supplemented with sage, mint and thyme oils(Springer, 2015) Sonmez, Adem Yavuz; Bilen, Soner; Alak, Gonca; Hisar, Olcay; Yanik, Talat; Biswas, GourangaThis study evaluated effects of dietary supplementation of sage (Salvia officinalis), mint (Mentha spicata) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) oils on growth performance, lipid peroxidation level (melondialdehyde, MDA) and liver antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, G6PD; glutathione reductase, GR; glutathione-S-transferase, GST and glutathione peroxidase, GPx) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles. For this purpose, triplicate groups of rainbow trout were fed daily ad libitum with diets containing sage, mint and thyme oils at 500, 1,000 and 1,500 mg kg(-1) for 60 days. While weight gain percentage of fish fed the diets containing sage and thyme oils was significantly higher than the control group, that of fish fed mint oil was the lowest. Similarly, specific growth rate was found to be the highest in all groups of the sage and thyme oil feeding and the lowest in the mint groups. Moreover, feed conversion ratio was significantly higher in the mint oil administered groups. Survival rate was also significantly reduced in the fish fed the diet containing mint oil. It was observed that SOD, G6PD and GPx activities were significantly increased in liver tissues of all the treated fish groups compared to that of control diet-fed group. However, CAT, GST and GR activities were significantly decreased in experimental diet-fed fish groups at the end of the experiment. On the other hand, a significant reduction was found in MDA levels in the fish fed the diets with sage and thyme oils compared to control and mint diets on the 30th and 60th days of experiment. Overall, dietary inclusion of sage and thyme oils is effective in enhancing rainbow trout growth, reduction in MDA and least changing antioxidant enzyme activities at a low level of 500 mg kg(-1) diet, and they can be used as important feed supplements for rainbow trout production.Öğe Hazelnut meal in diets for seawater farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): effects on growth performance and body composition(Pagepress Publ, 2009) Bulut, Musa; Tekinay, Ahmet Adem; Guroy, Derya; Ergün, Sebahattin; Bilen, SonerA 77-day feeding trial was designed in order to assess the effect of partial or total replacement of soybean meal by hazelnut meal (HNM) on feed intake, growth performance, nutrient utilization and body composition of rainbow trout (initial mean body weight: 80.0 +/- 3.5 g) in seawater conditions. A control and three experimental diets were formulated in which soybean meal level (25.5%) in the control diet was replaced by hazelnut meal at 39.2 (HN 39), 78.4 (FIN 78) and 100% (RN 100) to provide 44% crude protein and 20% crude lipid diets. Diets were fed to 125 rainbow trout to apparent satiation by hand twice daily at 09.00 and 16.00 hours under natural photoperiod conditions. At the end of the feeding trial, fish of all groups almost tripled their body weight and no significant difference (P>0.05) was revealed in final weight or specific growth rate between treatments. However, feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the HN100 group was significantly higher than other treatments (P<0.05). There was a slightly decreasing trend in protein efficiency ratio (PER) and net protein utilization (NPU) with increasing level of dietary hazelnut meal, but it was only significant in groups of fish fed HN100. All groups of fish displayed similar carcass and muscle compositions. According to the results of the present study, it can be stated that hazelnut meal can replace soybean meal at up to 200 g kg(-1) in grow-out diets of rainbow trout without any detrimental effects on growth performance.Öğe Immunostimulant effects of Cotinus coggyria on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)(Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, 2011) Bilen, Soner; Bulut, Musa; Bilen, Asli MugeIn this study, non-specific immune effects of tetra (Cotinus coggyria) on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by dietary intake were investigated. Fish were fed daily ad libitum with diets containing 0.5% and 1.0% tetra for 3 weeks. After this period, fish were switched back to the basal diet for additional 6 weeks. Extracellular and intracellular respiratory burst activities, phagocytosis in blood leukocytes, lysozyme activities, and total plasma protein levels were evaluated at the end of the tetra feeding period and every 3 weeks during the basal diet period. Extracellular and intracellular respiratory burst activities, phagocytic activity, lysozyme activity and total protein level parameters of the groups containing 0.5% and 1.0% tetra were higher than the control group at the end of the 3rd, 6th and 9th weeks, respectively (P < 0.05). The highest values of the non-specific immune parameters were observed in the group fed with 1.0% tetra. Tetra groups did not show any significant difference (P > 0.05) in terms of specific growth rate and average weight of the fish. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd.Öğe Influence of Tetra (Cotinus coggygria) Extract against vibrio anguillarum infection in koi carp, cyprinus carpio with reference to haematological and immunological changes(Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2013) Bilen, Soner; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Bilen, Aslı MügeBu çalışmada tetranın (Cotinus coggygria) metanolik özütünün koi balıklarında (Cyprinus carpio carpio) Vibrio anguillarum enfeksiyonuna karşı etkileri incelenmiştir. Koiler (ortalama ağırlıkları 4,14±0,08 g) üç farklı tetra dozu (0, 0,5, 1, 1,5 g kg-1) içeren yemlerle 4 hafta boyunca beslenmişlerdir. Çalışma sonunda balıklar Vibrio anguillarum ile enfekte edilerek kontrol testi yapılmıştır. Tetranın balıkların büyüme performansı üzerinde etkisi bulunamamıştır (P>0,05). 1,5 kg-1 tetra verilen grupta NBT en yüksek olmuştur. Lizozim ve miyeloperoksidaz aktiviteleri tetra uygulanan gruplarda kontrol grubuna göre kayda değer yüksek bulunmuştur (P<0,05). Akyuvar ve hemoglobin konsantrasyonları 1 kg-1 tetra içeren grupta yüksek bulunmuştur (P<0.05). 0, 0,5, 1 ve 1,5 g kg-1 tetra ile beslenen gruplarda yapılan kontrol testlerinde ölüm oranları sırasıyla 37,50%, 31,94 %, 18,06 % ve 12,50 % olarak tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre tetra koiler için etkili bir immunostimulanttır.Öğe Investigation on relations of blood chemistry parameters in Bluefish (Pomatomos saltatrix L. 1758) using multidimensional scaling technique(Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2008) Bulut, Musa; Mendes, Mehmet; Bilen, Soner; Celik, IhsanThe relationships among various blood chemistry parameters of Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix L. 1758) were investigated by multidimensional scaling technique (MDS). The results of the MSD technique showed that blood chemistry parameters were affected by seasonal changes, total number of parameters in the model and the interactions between the parameters. The relationships among various parameters were more apparent in winter with a coefficient of 87.8 %, which was followed by fall with 70.5 % and spring with 69.9 %. The results of the statistical analysis also indicated that direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, albumin, uric acid, total protein and low-density lipoproteins parameters of winter Bluefish were associated or similar with each other. The blood proteins did not seem to be related to any of the blood minerals except for K in winter. It was found that the relationships among Cl, K, Na and creatine and between uric acid and cholesterol were high in the fall caught Bluefish. The relationships among the blood parameters of the spring caught Bluefish suggested that high-density lipoproteins, total proteins and cholesterol parameters were associated with each other. It is concluded that MDS may be a valuable tool to study relationships and interactions between various blood chemistry parameters and exogenous factors.
