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    Antimicrobial Activity of Cotinus coggyria from Turkey
    (Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2009) Dulger, Basaran; Hacioglu, Nurcihan; Bilen, S.
    Ethanolic extract obtained from Cotinus coggyria Scop. was investigated for its antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeuginosa, Pseudomonas putida, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella typhi, Hanseniaspora guilliermondii, Rhodotorula rubra, Kluyveromyces fragilis, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Debaryomyces hansenii, Candida utilis and Candida albicans by disc diffusion method. The extracts had strong antimicrobial activity against bacteria, but weak activity was observed against the yeast cultures used in this study.
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    Effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth and feed utilization of wild-caught striped sea bream, Lithognathus mormyrus
    (Wiley, 2011) Kusku, H.; Bulut, M.; Guroy, D.; Ergun, S.; Bilen, S.; Tekinay, A. A.
    P>A feeding trial was carried out to determine the effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on the growth performance and feed utilization of wild-caught striped sea bream (Lithognathus mormyrus). The experimental fish were collected from a local lagoon (Cardak Lagoon, Canakkale, Turkey), transferred to the Marine Net Cage Unit and fed by hand to apparent satiation with a commercial sea bream feed (Biomar; 42% crude protein, 16% crude lipid). Approximately 4 weeks were needed to acclimate the fish to farming conditions. No pathological signs were observed and no fish losses occurred during the adaptation period. For the test trials four test diets with different levels of protein and lipid were formulated [low protein and low lipid (LP:LL), low protein and high lipid (LP:HL), high protein and low lipid (HP:LL), and high protein and high lipid (HP:HL)] and fed to L. mormyrus (mean weight 85.0 +/- 4.6 g SEM) in the net cages (circle divide 2 m, depth 2.5 m) for 60 days. During the experiment water temperature varied between 21.1 and 26.4 degrees C; dissolved oxygen 8.4-9.6 mg L-1; pH 7.2-8.6; and salinity 23.3-25.6 parts per thousand. Growth performances of fish fed high protein diets were higher compared to fish fed low protein diets, irrespective of the dietary lipid level (P < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were not influenced by dietary protein or lipid levels (P > 0.05). Preliminary results indicate that striped sea bream can be easily adapted to farming conditions in net cages, and that a diet containing 50% crude protein and 15% crude lipid (HP:LL) levels with 23.0 g protein MJ-1 gross energy of protein/energy ratio would be suitable for striped sea bream growth.
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    Morphological malformations of the sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): Comparison between hormone injected and non-injected fish
    (Iranian Fisheries Science Research Inst-Ifsri, 2015) Tan, S.; Bulut, M.; Bilen, S.
    In this study, fertilization, hatching and deformation rate of the eggs, and larvae obtained from hormone injected (HI) and non-injected broodstock (NHI), were determined. In the experiment, no differences were observed in the groups' fertilization rates (p>0.05). Hatching rate was found higher in the HI group (p<0.05). During the experiment, malformations such as spinal fluid accumulation, saddleback, air-bladder deformation and general body deformations were observed in both groups. For the NHI group, saddleback rate was found 5.13 +/- 0.55 %, air-bladder deformation rate was found 1.43 +/- 0.13%, spinal fluid accumulation was found 2.33 +/- 1.33% and general body deformation rate was found 3.76 +/- 0.23 % (p<0.05). As a result, it was determined that the deformation rate increased with hormone injection (p<0.05).
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    Morphological malformations of the sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): Comparison between hormone injected and noninjected fish
    (Iranian Fisheries Research Organization, 2015) Tan, S.; Bulut, M.; Bilen, S.
    In this study, fertilization, hatching and deformation rate of the eggs, and larvae obtained from hormone injected (HI) and non-injected broodstock (NHI), were determined. In the experiment, no differences were observed in the groups' fertilization rates (p>0.05). Hatching rate was found higher in the HI group (p<0.05). During the experiment, malformations such as spinal fluid accumulation, saddleback, air-bladder deformation and general body deformations were observed in both groups. For the NHI group, saddleback rate was found 5.13±0.55 %, air-bladder deformation rate was found 1.43±0.13%, spinal fluid accumulation was found 2.33±1.33% and general body deformation rate was found 3.76±0.23 % (p<0.05). As a result, it was determined that the deformation rate increased with hormone injection (p<0.05).
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    The effects of oxygen supplementation on growth and survival of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in different stocking densities
    (Iranian Fisheries Research Organization, 2015) Bilen, S.; Bilen, A.M.; Önal, U.
    In this study, the effects of oxygen supplementation in different stocking densities of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on the specific growth rates (SGR), feed conversion ratios (FCR) and survival rates were investigated in a commercial-scale culture system. High density cultures were maintained in a total of nine (12 m3) flow-through systems supplemented with O2. Initial stocking rates for 3 different treatments with three replicates were 26.88±0.30 (low density), 36.72±0.26 (medium density) and 55.03±0.14kg m-3 (high density), corresponding to a total of 5800, 8000 and 12000 fish/tank, respectively. Water flow rate for each tank was maintained at 11±1.1 L sec-1 (660 L min-1) over the study period for each raceway, and the temperature was 12.3±0.8°C throughout the experimental period. At the end of the study, there were no significant differences in the survival rates and SGR among treatments (p>0.05). However, FCR was negatively affected in the high density treatment (p<0.05). Overall, our results indicated that oxygen supplementation supported fish growth and survival in high stocking densities. However, high production cost is prohibitive and further studies are required to reduce costs. © 2015, Iranian Fisheries Research Organization. All rights reserved.