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Öğe A real-time monitoring tool to automatically measure the feed intakes of multiple broiler chickens by sound analysis(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2015) Aydın, Arda; Bahr, C.; Berckmans, D.This paper extends existing research on the feed intake of broiler chickens and describes an advanced monitoring system to accurately measure the feed intake of broilers at group level by a real-time sound processing technology. In this research, the pecking sounds of 10 male, 39-day-old, broiler chickens were recorded by a microphone that was attached around the feeder. At the same time, the appearance of chickens around feeder was recorded by a camera that was positioned on the top of the feeding pen. Simultaneously, a weighing system was used to automatically record feed uptake of broilers as a reference method. An existing algorithm was further developed to detect the pecking sounds of 10 broiler chickens while the birds were all eating together. The feed intake of broiler chickens was obtained by pecking sound analysis. The results of the algorithm were compared to the reference of the feed uptake values recorded by the weighing system. The relationship between feed intake obtained from the algorithm and feed intake recorded by a weighing scale was investigated and a strong relation was found between these two variables. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient test (PPMCC) was performed to define the correlation between these two variables which resulted in R-2 = 0.994. In addition to this high relationship, 86% of feed intake was correctly monitored using sound analysis. Although the accuracy of the proposed system remained at 86%, the correlation between the feed intake obtained from the algorithm and feed intake recorded by a weighing scale was very high (R-2 = 0.994), the results suggest that this continuous pecking sound detection system has the potential to be used as a tool to assess the feed intake and feeding behaviour of multiple chickens around a feeder. The advantage of this system is that measurements can be made continuously throughout the life span of a flock, in a fully automated, completely non-invasive way. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Automatic classification of measures of lying to assess the lameness of broilers(Univ Federation Animal Welfare, 2015) Aydın, Arda; Bahr, C.; Berckmans, D.Leg disorders are a major cause of poor welfare in broilers. Previous studies have shown that at slaughter age at least 90% of chickens experienced some degree of gait problems and approximately 30% were seriously lame. In this study, a new and non-invasive technique was developed to automatically assess the lameness of the birds. For this purpose, video surveillance images of broilers with five different pre-defined gait scores were recorded as they walked along a test corridor. Afterwards, the image-processing algorithm was applied to detect the number of lying events (NOL) and latency to lie down (LTL) of broiler chickens. Then, the results of the algorithm were compared with visually assessed manual labelling data (reference method) and the relation between these measures and lameness was investigated. Eighty-three percent of NOL were correctly classified by the automatic monitoring system when compared to manual labelling using a data set collected from 250 broiler chickens. The results also showed a positive significant correlation between NOL and gait score and a significant negative correlation between LTL and gait-score level of broilers. Since strong correlations were found, on the one hand, between two measures and gait-score level of broiler chickens and, on the other, between the results of algorithm and manual labelling, the results suggest this automatic monitoring system may have the potential to be used as a tool for assessing lameness of broiler chickens.Öğe Fully automated monitoring tool to detect feed uptake of multiple broiler chickens by sound analysis(European Conference on Precision Livestock Farming, 2015) Aydın, Arda; Viazzi, S.; Bahr, C.; Berckmans, D.This paper extends existing research on feed intake of broiler chickens and describes an advanced monitoring system to accurately measure the feed intake of broiler chickens at group level using a real-time sound processing technology. By contrast to previous work which monitored the sounds made by a single chick, the pecking sounds of 10 male, 39-day old broiler chickens were recorded in this study. At the same time, the appearance of the chickens around the feeding pan was recorded by a 3D camera that was positioned in top view above the feeding pen. Simultaneously, a weighing system was used to automatically record feed uptake of broilers as a reference method. The feed uptake of broiler chickens was calculated by analysing the pecking sounds. The relationship between feed uptake obtained by the sound algorithm and feed uptake recorded by the weighing scale was investigated. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation test (PPMCC) was performed to define the correlation between these two variables and resulted in R2 = 0.997. In addition to this high correlation, 86% of the feed intake was correctly classified using sound analysis.Öğe Using sound technology to automatically detect the short-term feeding behaviours of broiler chickens(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2016) Aydın, Arda; Berckmans, D.This paper describes a novel monitoring system to accurately detect the short-term feeding behaviours (meal size, meal duration, meals per day and feeding rate) of broiler chickens at group level by a real-time sound processing technology. In this research, the pecking sounds of 10 male, 39 days old, broiler chickens were recorded by a microphone that was attached to the feeder. Simultaneously, the appearances of broilers around feeder were recorded by a camera that was positioned at the top of the feeding pen. At the same time, a weighing system was used to automatically record feed uptake of broilers as a reference method. Moreover, an existing algorithm was used to detect the pecking sounds of 10 broiler chickens while the birds were all eating together. The feeding behaviours of broiler chickens were obtained by pecking sound analysis. The results of the algorithm were compared to reference feeding behaviours through weighing system measurements and video observations. The relationship between feeding behaviours obtained by algorithm and feeding behaviours recorded by a weighing scale and video camera was investigated and a strong positive correlation was found between these methods. Furthermore, the linear regression tests which were performed which were performed resulted in the following coefficients of determination R-2 = 0.965 for meal size, 0.938 for meal duration, 0.896 for the number of meals per day and 0.888 for feeding rate. Additionally, the estimated accuracy of the method showed that, 90% of meal size, 95% of meal duration, 94% of the number of meals per day and 89% of feeding rate were correctly monitored using sound analysis. The results suggest that this automated continuous measurement system has the potential to be used as a tool to monitor the short-term feeding behaviours of broiler chickens at group level. The most important advantage of this system is that the measurements can be made continuously throughout the life span of a flock, in a fully automated, completely non-invasive and non-intrusive way. It is proposed to test this system in commercial conditions due to its low costs and in order to evaluate its applicability under these conditions. Future researches should be focused on sound technology to assess the health and welfare of broilers by automatically and continuously monitoring the feeding behaviours. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
