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    Economic Complexity, Ecological Footprint, and the Environmental Kuznets Curve: Findings from Selected Industrialized Countries
    (Springer, 2023) Kılıç, Cüneyt; Soyyiğit, Semanur; Bayrakdar, Seda
    This article aims to approach the research related to the environmental Kuznets curve from a new and more holistic perspective. Therefore, while testing the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve, the ecological footprint as the indicator of environmental degradation will be used as the dependent variable within the model, while the economic complexity index used together with the per capita income and the trade-to-GDP ratio will be used as the independent variables. The analysis confirms the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve for the top nine industrialized countries in terms of the value-added by industry as a percentage of the GDP between 1970 and 2017. In addition, the study shows that economic complexity decreases an economy’s ecological footprint. According to the results of the causality test, there is a causal relationship from all the independent variables to the ecological footprint variable.
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    Effect of Economic Complexity on Unemployment in Terms of Gender: Evidence from BEM Economies
    (University of Economics - Prague, 2023) Soyyiğit, Semanur; Bayrakdar, Seda; Kılıç, Cüneyt
    The present study aims to indicate whether structural transformation has provided enhancement for the disadvantaged parts of society in terms of gender or whether it has been implemented at the expense of social inequalities in 10 BEM (Big Emerging Market) economies (Argentina, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Poland, South Africa, South Korea and Türkiye) in the period 1998-2019. The study also aims to understand the dynamics behind the connection between structural transformation and unemployment by comparing the results from each country. This paper also focuses on the effects of economic complexity on the breakdown of unemployment rates including female, male, youth female and youth male unemployment divisions. In the study, firstly, cross-sectional dependence is tested for all variables; secondly, the CADF test as a second-generation unit root test is applied; thirdly, the parameter constancy test is applied to each model, and then the models are estimated using the panel regression method with random coefficients. The study reveals a geographical distinction between the ten economies. Economic complexity significantly affects all types of unemployment in Poland, but it does not affect unemployment in Asian and African countries. The other result of the study is that even in Poland, the decreasing effect of ECI (Economic Complexity Index) on unemployment is different for women and men.