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    The Relationship between Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome and Apolipoprotein E Genetic Variants
    (Karger, 2015) Uyrum, Ebru; Balbay, Oner; Annakkaya, Ali Nihat; Balbay, Ege Gulec; Sılan, Fatma; Arbak, Peri
    Background: Clinical and epidemiological studies indicate that obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) has a strong genetic basis. Objectives: To investigate the apolipoprotein E (APOE) alleles as a genetic risk factor in OSAS. Methods: A total of 73 patients (37 male) were included. All underwent full-night polysomnography and were evaluated for APOE alleles. Results: The mean age was 51 +/- 12 years. Forty-two of the patients had OSAS. The APOE3 allele was found in 97.3% (71/73) of the study population. The most common APOE genotype was E3/E3 (55/73, 75.3%). Compared to the individuals with no APOE2 alleles (E3/E3, E3/E4), the individuals with at least one APOE2 allele (E2/E3, E2/E4) had a 9.37-fold greater OSAS risk (OR = 9.37, 95% CI 1.13-77.7, p = 0.019). The individuals with APOE2 alleles (E2/E3, E2/E4) compared to the individuals with only an E3/E3 allele genotype had a 10-fold greater OSAS risk (OR = 10.3, 95% CI 1.24-86.61, p = 0.0308). Compared to the individuals with no APOE4 alleles (E2/E3, E3/E3), the individuals with APOE4 alleles (E2/E4, E3/E4) had a high but insignificant risk for OSAS (OR = 2.9, 95% CI 0.55-15.05, p = 0.286). The individuals with APOE4 alleles (E2/E4, E3/E4) compared to APOE3 alleles (E3/E3) had an increased but insignificant risk for OSAS (OR = 3.62, 95% CI 0.96-19.05, p = 0.127). Conclusion: Specific APOE genotypes are associated with OSAS in a high-risk population. (C) 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel
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    Öğe
    The Role of Gi and Gs Proteins in Hypoxic Vasoconstriction of Lamb Isolated Pulmonary Artery Rings
    (Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2014) Erbas, Mete; Balbay, Oner; Uzun, Ozge; Gulec Balbay, Ege; Sılan, Coşkun
    Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) is an intrapulmonary adaptive mechanism that matches alveolar ventilation to perfusion. However during prolonged alveolar hypoxia HPV occurs with many pulmonary diseases. Despite intensive studies, cellular mechanisms of HPV are still not well defined. G proteins are a family of membrane-associated proteins believed to be involved in the transduction of various signals including the regulation of vascular tonus. In this study, we aimed to determine the contribution of G(i) and G(s) proteins in hypoxic vasoconstriction of lamb isolated pulmonary artery rings. Pulmonary arteries were isolated from left lower lobe of freshly slaughtered lamb. Arteries suspended in an organ bath filled with Krebs-Henseleit solution and isometric contraction recorded continuously via an isometric transducer connected to a computerised polygraphy system. The solution aerated with 75% N-2 - 20% O-2 - 5% CO2 (normoxic) and 95% N-2 - 5% CO2 (hypoxic) pO(2) of bathing medium was measured continuosly using an oxygen electrode. Pertussis toxin and cholera toxin were used to investigate the role of G(i) and G(s) proteins. In the present study, we observed that hypoxia had no effect on resting force in large artery rings, but it caused a further contraction (1.7 +/- 0.5 mN/mm(2), n=10) in 3 mu M 5-HT precontracted pulmonary arteries rings. Hypoxic vasoconstriction was inhibited by preincubation with 2 mu g/ml cholera toxins (from 2.6 +/- 0.4 mN/mm(2), to 1.0 +/- 0.4 mN/mm(2), n=6) and potentiated by preincubation with pertussis toxins (2 mu g/ml) (from 0.6 +/- 0.4 mN/mm(2), to 1.7 +/- 0.3 mN/mm(2), n=6). These results indicate that signal transduction mediated by G(i) and G(s) proteins may be an important mechanism in the hypoxic vasoconstriction in lamb isolated large pulmonary arteries.