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    Dietary olive leaf (Olea europea L.) extract alters some immune gene expression levels and disease resistance to Yersinia ruckeri infection in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss
    (Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, 2018) Baba, Esin; Acar, Umit; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Zemheri, Fahriye; Ergün, Sebahattin
    The aim for the present study was to investigate the effects of olive leaf (Olea europea L.) extract (OLE) on the control of Yersinia ruckeri infection in rainbow (Oncorhynchus mykiss) trout and to assess the impact on the expression of immune-related genes in the spleen and serum biochemical parameters of rainbow trout. Five experimental diets were prepared by adding 0.0%, 0.1%, 0.25%, 0.50% and 1.0% of OLE. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish (mean body weight 51.22 +/- 3.04 g) twice a day (at 09:00 and 17:00 h) for 60 days. The dietary supplementation of OLE did not affect growth performance and feed utilization (P > 0.05). Major changes due to graded levels of OLE in the diets were observed in blood biochemical parameters (P < 0.05). TNF alpha, IL1-beta and IL-8 gene expressions were significanity up-regulated in OLE 0.1% group compared with others (P < 0.05). Also, diet supplemented with OLE reduced mortality in rainbow trout fed with OLE 0.1% added diet. Present study suggests that OLE especially at 0.1% added feed may effectivelly enhance the serum biochemical parameters, survival rate and immune gene expression in rainbow trout.
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    Effects of a Myrrh (Commiphora myrrha) Essential Oil Supplemented Diet on Haemato-Biochemical Parameters, Expression of Tissue-Specific Immune- and Stress-Related Genes, and Resistance of Cyprinus carpio to Aeromonas hydrophila Infection
    (Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2025) Acar, Umit; Yildirim, Onder; Baba, Esin; Navruz, Fahriye Zemheri; Hacisa, Mustafa; Yılmaz, Sevdan
    Plant-based additives or botanicals, have garnered considerable interest in the aquaculture industry for their multifaceted benefits in fish diets. In this study, a 30 days short term feeding experiment was designed to determine the effects of Myrrh (Commiphora myrrha) essential oil on hematological, biochemical parameters and tissue specific mRNA expression responses of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fish were experimentally infected with Aeromonas hydrophila and monitored for 20 days after been divided in four groups: a control group without C. myrrha and three experimental groups supplemented with 0.25%, 0.50%, and 1.0% C. myrrha essential oil (CMO 0.25, CMO 0.50, and CMO 1.0, respectively). Results revealed a significant increase in RBC count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit values compared to the control diet. Positive effects of C. myrra supplementation have been observed also in serum biochemistry parameters. mRNA transcripts of il-1 ss, tnf-alpha, il-8, sod, cat, gpx and gst genes significantly increased in spleen and liver tissue of fish fed with C. myrra supplemented diets. After the challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila, the survival rates were 60%, and 83.33%, respectively, suggesting enhanced fish resistance in the CMO 0.50 and CMO 1.0 groups compared to the control. The results suggest the immunomodulatory roles of C. myrrha essential oil.
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    Evaluation of Citrus limon peels essential oil on growth performance, immune response of Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus challenged with Edwardsiella tarda
    (Elsevier, 2016) Baba, Esin; Acar, Ümit; Ontaş, Canan; Kesbiç, Osman Sabri; Yılmaz, Sevdan
    The present study was carried on to determine the effects of Citrus limon peel essential oil as feed supplement on non-specific immune system, disease resistance against Edwardsiella tarda and growth performance in Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Fish were randomly distributed at 25 fish per 50 L aquariums and fed with commercial diets supplemented with different ratios (0% for the control group and then 0.5%, 0.75% and 1%) of limon essential oil for 60 days. At the end of the feeding trial, immunological, biochemical and biometrical parameters were assessed. Also following 60 days of feeding, the fish were injected with E. tarda and mortalities were recorded. Results showed that C. limon peel essential oil supplementation diet enhanced the Nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) positive cell count and total white blood cell (WBC) in tilapia. At the same time a significant change was found in the lysozyme activity and myeloperoxidase activity in serum. Serum glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides decreased while total protein increased in the groups fed with C. limon essential oil supplemented diets. All C. limon peel essential oil supplemented groups showed reduced mortalities following E. tarda infection compared with the control group. The results indicated that C. limon peel essential oil supplementation could improve non-specific immune parameters and growth performance and decrease mortality rate of cultured tilapia. Statement of relevance: This study determined the effects of an Citrus limon peel essential oil on immune system and resistance to disease in tilapia. The using of essential oil in fish diet prevented tilapia partially from edwardsiellosis disease and increase survival rate also enhance the immune response in fish. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Pre-challenge and post-challenge haemato-immunological changes in Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) fed argan oil against Lactococcus garvieae
    (Wiley, 2017) Baba, Esin; Acar, Umit; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Ontas, Canan; Kesbic, Osman Sabri
    The present study investigated the effects of argan oil, obtained from Argania spinosa, on pre- and post-challenge immuno-haematological and biochemical responses of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. For this purpose, the fish were fed diets containing 0, 0.5%, 1% or 2% argan oil for 45days. Following 45days of feeding, fish were challenged with Lactococcus garvieae and mortality was recorded for 15days. During the pre-challenge period, significantly higher respiratory burst activity, total white blood cell (WBC), serum lysozyme activity and myeloperoxidase activity were determined in the argan oil-fed groups. The serum glucose and cholesterol levels decreased whilst total protein and albumin did not change in the groups fed with argan oil-supplemented diets. After challenge with Lactococcus garvieae, the percentage survival (%) was found to be the highest in the 1% and 2% argan oil-supplemented feeding groups. Also, there was a significant increase in weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio in those fish fed argan oil. The results of this study indicated that after the supplementation of fish diets with argan oil, especially at 1% and 2% concentrations, the immunological, haematological and biochemical values remained similar in both the pre- and post-challenge periods and the immune response against L. garvieae in Nile tilapia was modulated.
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    The use of Avena sativa extract against Aeromonas hydrophila and its effect on growth performance, hematological and immunological parameters in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016) Baba, Esin; Acar, Umit; Ontas, Canan; Kesbic, Osman Sabri; Yılmaz, Sevdan
    In this research the effects of oat Avena sativa extract on the non-specific immune system of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was examined. For this purpose, the fishes (average weight 9.91 +/- 1.52 g) were fed with 5 g kg(-1), 10g kg(-1) and 20 g kg(-1) oat extract supplemented diets for 60 days. Following 60 days of feeding, the fishes were injected with Aeromonas hydrophila and mortalities were recorded. Lysozyme and myeloperoxidase activity, improved in all groups that received feed supplemented with oat extract. Serum glucose and cholesterol decreased while total protein and albumin in fish increased with the use of the diet supplement with oat extract. Haemoglobin (Hb), mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) and mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) increased with diet supplemented with oat extract. Oat extract at the concentration of 10 g kg(-1) showed significantly higher relative percentage survival (67%) when compared with the control against A. hydrophila injection. Also the dietary supplementation with oat extract caused a significant increase in growth parameters (final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), when compared to non-supplemented control basal diet. The results suggest that A. sativa extract can be used as a feed supplement to enhance fish immune response and disease resistance against A. hydrophila.