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Öğe An assessment of the quality of various bottled mineral water marketed in Turkey(Springer, 2008) Baba, A.; Erees, F. S.; Hicsonmez, U.; Cam, S.; Ozdilek, H. G.Fifteen bottled mineral waters purchased at random all over Turkey were analyzed for their chemical composition by OPTIMA-2000 ICP-AES Perkin Elmer techniques. Results show a wide spread in the chemical specification of these mineral waters, with differences in chemical composition observed in the regions being due to the geological environment and the majority of bottled mineral waters exceeding the pH limit of Turkish drinking water standards. When the concentrations of elements are evaluated, it can readily be seen that generally there are three types of mineral water in Turkey. The concentrations of Al, B, Ba, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn Pb and Zn in mineral water were compared with the limits established by the Turkish Standard for Natural Mineral Waters (Turkish Official Gazette 2004); water standards prepared by World Health Organization (2006) and the United States of America Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) drinking water standards (1993). Such a comparison shows that, except for Ba and Mn, the concentrations of the other heavy metals are lower than the limit of the US.EPA in Turkey. Some parameters examined were found to comprise strong correlations pair-wise.Öğe Application of rapid impact assessment matrix (RIAM) method for waste disposal site(Springer, 2007) Baba, A.Environmental impact assessment (EIA) work is becoming more and more extensive in the world. The environmental assessment process has been defined differently in different countries. In fact, it appears that no two countries have defined it in exactly the same way. It is an aid to decision making and to the minimization or elimination of environmental impacts at an early planning stage. The EIA process is potentially a basis for negotiations between the developer, public interest groups, and the planning regulator. The Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix (RIAM) method is based on a standard definition of the important assessment criteria as well as the means by which semi-quantitative values for each of these criteria can be collected to provide an accurate and independent score for each condition. The impact of project activities is evaluated against the environmental components and for each component a score is determined, which provides a measure of the impact expected from the component. The RIAM method makes it possible to carry out a global analysis of the results based on the individual environmental score for each component, which is classified in ranges and so can be compared to each other. In this study, the RIAM method was used for the new waste disposal site in Canakkale City where one of the most important archaeological, historical, and. natural parks of Turkey is located. Compared with other Turkish cities, a great number of EIA reports have been prepared based on numerous projects within the border of Canakkale Province, Turkey. The result of the RIAM method shows that the new waste disposal site will cause positive impacts resulting from economic-operational changes. But local people have a negative reaction to the new waste disposal site. Most impacts are of class -A (impact) for the waste disposal site, because of the waste, biological-ecological, and physicochemical effects prominent in the study area.Öğe Determination and evaluation of some physicochernical parameters in the Dardanelles (Canakkale Strait, Turkey) using multiple probe system and geographic information system(I W A Publishing, 2006) Turkoglu, M.; Baba, A.; Ozcan, H.The Dardanelles (Canakkale Strait) is a water passage connecting the Aegean Sea and Sea of Marmara. The average depth of the Dardanelles is 60 m; the deepest part reaches more than 100 m. Environmental parameters such as temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen and total dissolved solids were measured at different depths in the Dardanelles. The sampling period was between December 2002 and March 2003. All the data was measured by a YSI 6600 Model Multiple Probe System. Also, a Geographic Information System was used to create a tabular and spatial database, with the aim of integrating the physicochemical properties in the Dardanelles. Temperature and salinity profiles by the Geographic Information System showed that there was stratification and formation of two different water masses in the Dardanelles. The measurements showed that lower layer waters (> 20 m) are saltier than upper layer waters of the Dardanelles. Therefore, the lower layer waters also hold higher values for total dissolved solids. Although the temperature and salinity characteristics of the Dardanelles are specific due to its topographic structure and some fresh water discharges, the stratification in the Dardanelles is generally similar to other parts of the Turkish Strait System (Bosphorus and Sea of Marmara) because of large salinity differences between the Aegean and Black Sea.Öğe Determination of the source and age of the geothermal fluid and its effects on groundwater resources in kestanbol (Çanakkale-Turkey)(2008) Baba, A.; Ertekin, C.Kestanbol, located in the Biga Peninsula, is one of the important geothermal areas in Turkey. The surface temperatures of hot water samples range from 66 to 76.2°C. pH values and electrical conductivity (EC) range from 5.9 to 6.4, and 3450 to 3460 ?S/cm, respectively. Geothermal water has an acidic character and its high EC shows that it has interacted with the host rock for a long time. Hot and cold waters are enriched with NaCl. Oxygen-18 and deuterium contents of hot water samples show a mixing between meteoric and sea water. Tritium isotope analysis showed that the geothermal water is older than 50 years. This study also points out possible impacts of geothermal fluid on the quality of cold groundwater because of its high concentrations of Cl, Na, As, Se, U and EC. Copyright © 2008 IAHS Press.Öğe Investigation of discharge of fresh water in the Canakkale strait (Dardanelles Turkey)(Springer, 2007) Baba, A.; Deniz, O.; Turkoglu, M.; Ozcan, H.The Canakkale Strait (Dardanelles) is a water passage connecting the Aegean Sea and the Marmara Sea. Its NE/SW trend is interrupted by a north-south bend between Eceabat and Canakkale. The width of the Strait varies from 1.35 to 7.73 km, the narrowest part located between Canakkale and Kilitbahir. The average depth of the Strait is approximately 60 m; the deepest part reaches more than 100 m. The aim of this study is to determine the locations of fresh water discharge into the Canakkale Strait. For this purpose, 52 sample points were selected in the study area. The temperature, pH and salinity were measured at different depths of water in the Canakkale Strait (1, 5, 10, 20 and 30 m). A Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to create a tabular and spatial database, with the aim of integrating the physical properties in the Canakkale Strait. The results of this study show that discharge of fresh water is seen in four locations on the southeastern coast between Dardanos and Canakkale, and that the Aegean Sea and Marmara Sea water are mixing between Canakkale and Kilitbahir. In the future, these sources of fresh water may be needed as population increases in the region. However, water pollution in the Canakkale Strait may limit the use of this fresh water.Öğe Removal of metals and metalloids from acidic mining lake (AML) using olive oil solid waste (OSW)(Springer, 2019) Ilay, R.; Baba, A.; Kavdir, Y.The acidic mining lakes have low pH values and high metal and metalloid concentrations. In this study, the ability of low-cost olive oil solid waste (OSW) to remove Al, As, Cd, Fe, B and Ti ions from aqueous solutions in short term has been evaluated. Adsorption capacities (mgg(-1)) of OSW (1:5-1:10w/v) were 764.06-411.75 for Al, 0.26 for As, 0.07-0.14 for Cd, 2181.5-2406.5 for Fe, 23.70-82.50 for B and 0.12-0.0.34 for Ti. OSW addition increased acidic mine water (AMW) pH from 2.41 to 3.2 with 1:5 and from 2.41 to 2.7 to 1:10 mixing ratio, respectively, after 10min. The best gradual decrease has been observed with different ratio of OSW applications on B and Ti concentrations. OSW adsorbs 32.41% and 62.68% of B at the ratio of 1:5 and 1:10 and 55.29% and 83.04% of Ti at the ratio of 1:5 and 1:10 (OSW:AMW) mixtures, respectively. The results show that OSW has great potential for metal removal from acidic mine water.Öğe Understanding environmental security at ports and harbors(Springer, 2007) Wenning, R. J.; Apitz, E.; Baba, A.; Citron, M.; Elliott, K.; Al-Halasah, N.; Kapusta, L.Port and harbors have expanded dramatically in the last few decades at a pace driven by rapid globalization of commercial trade and industrial activity, population expansion in marine regions, and the transfer of public and private wealth to coastal recreation. The impacts of ports oil coastal environments can be considerable. The development of industrial facilities at ports and associated demands for water, land, and shoreline is unavoidable given their potential national and global economic significance. Just as the international community has increasingly become aware of the importance of ports and harbors, there has been a growing awareness of the need to ensure that health, environment, and safety are adequately protected and considered as an integral function of these facilities. This increased awareness has led to a closer examination of environmental security. At the NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Risk Management Tools for Port Security Critical Infrastructure, and Sustainability held 16-19 March 2006 in Venice, Italy, a working group of international risk assessment, disaster response, environmental modeling, and engineering experts from nine countries explored the importance of environmental security and challenges faced by coastal ports and harbors. The discussions drew heavily from experiences at ports located around the world. This chapter summarizes the findings of the working group and concludes with a summary of technical challenges and recommendations for future research.
