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Öğe A Marxist reading of D. H. Lawrence's fiction: Alienation, disintegration and bourgeois morality(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2013) Bağlama, Sercan Hamza; Kemaloğlu, Azer BanuD. H. Lawrence, İngiliz Edebiyatının modern döneminde yer alan ve oldukça çok tartışılan bir yazardır. Eserlerindeki politik duruşu ve edebi kanondaki yeri büyük tartışmalara neden olmuştur. Politik duruşuyla ilgili birçok farklı fikir vardır. Kimleri onu aşırı solcu olarak değerlendirirken kimileri de onu faşist ya da ahlakçı olarak nitelerler. Benzer bir şekilde, eserleri modern edebiyatın birtakım özelliklerini taşımıyor olsa da, genel olarak modern bir yazar olarak konumlandırılmıştır. Bu konuları göz önünde bulunduracak olan bu çalışma, Lawrence'ın edebi kanondaki tartışmalı yerini üzerinde duracak ve onun ?The Rocking-Horse Winner?, ?Odour of Chrysanthemums? ve Sons and Lovers isimli eserlerindeki politik duruşu üzerine yoğunlaşacaktır. Bu bağlamda bu eserler ilk olarak Marksist açıdan ele alınacaktır. İkinci olarak, sanayileşme, kapitalizm, materyalizm, metalaştırma, monotonluk, kurban edilme, aile bireyleri arasındaki yabancılaşma ve karakterlerin küçük burjuva yönelimleri gibi bazı kavramlar ele alınacaktır. Ardından, endüstriyel kapitalizmin aile ilişkileri üzerindeki etkileri ve endüstriyelleşme ve onun uzantılarının sebep olduğu aile enstitüsünün parçalanması/ çözülmesi üzerinde çalışılacaktır. Son olarak da, Lawrence Victoria ve Modern dönemler arasında bir yazar olarak konumlandırılacak ve ahlaki değerleri küçük burjuva dünya görüşüne ait aşırı bir sağcı yazar olarak tayin edilecektir.Anahtar Kelimeler: D. H. Lawrence, Yabancılaşma, Çözülme, Burjuva AhlakıÖğe A Postcolonial Approach to Contemporary Refugee Literature: Benjamin Zephaniah’s Refugee Boy(2020) Bağlama, Sercan HamzaRefugee Boy (2001) by Benjamin Zephaniah literalises the refugee experience in contemporary society, reveals the psychology of loss, unbelonging and displacement and helps universalise the traumatic realities of the refugee phenomenon upon innocent people in a ‘remote’ part of the world through its 14-year-old Eritrean-Ethiopian protagonist. In the novel, in order to be accepted and included into the mainstream ‘white’ society, the protagonist has a tendency to reshape and reconstitute his identity and personality in relation to what is presented as the proper and the superior. Such a sort of properness and superiority is discursively formed within the framework of the operation of the orientalist mentality and creates an ideal refugee identity, which resembles the case of the colonial subject in contemporary postcolonial fiction. In this context, this article, suggesting that the protagonist of the novel might be considered as a colonial subject, will investigate whether postcolonial theory might critically contribute to the analysis of contemporary refugee literature. This article will also attempt to theorise the process of postcolonial interpellation and explore the relevance of this conceptualisation in terms of articulating the refugee experience through a close reading of the novel.Öğe Doris Lessing’s The Golden Notebook: A Critique of Socialism or the Stalinisation of Socialism?(2019) Bağlama, Sercan HamzaEven though it is a well-accepted fact that most socialists have been opposed to the one-man rule of the Stalinist regime, described as “a whole river of blood” by Trotsky (1937), the name of Stalin is deliberately manipulated andlinked with socialism in order to implicitly charge Marxism with inherent despotic inclinations. In this context, the aim of this study is to unearth the fossilised hierarchal structure of the Stalinist bureaucracy, to investigate the impacts of the ideological hegemony of the Stalinist dogma on the revolutionary practices of socialist activists and to reveal that Stalinism, above all, victimised and tyrannised socialist activists, through a close reading of Anna’s critical attitude towards the Communist Party in Doris Lessing’s The Golden Notebook. This study will also focus on the role of the left-wing writer in a mid-fifties communist milieu and examine the dogmatisation of Marxism and the widening gap between theory and practice in left-wing politics during the Stalin era. This will provide a framework to discuss whether the novel is actually intended or functions more as a critique of socialism or specifically of Stalinism. Over the course of the study, some short excerpts from Lessing’s interviews and autobiographical work, Walking in The Shade: Volume Two of My Autobiography, 1949-1962, will be used.Öğe Formation of an academic diaspora: A study of scholars from Turkey in the higher education sector in Britain(Wiley, 2025) Özbilgin, Mustafa F.; Yıldız, Harun; Erbil, Cihat; Bağlama, Sercan HamzaThe internationalisation of higher education has revealed the importance of understanding the formation and dynamics of academic diasporas. Most studies focus on cohesive academic diasporas, overlooking fragmentation in diasporas as a central concern. In this paper, we define and theorise fragmented academic diaspora. The emergence of a highly fragmented diaspora of scholars from Turkey in the British higher education sector presents an ideal opportunity to examine the notion of a fragmented academic diaspora. Based on an online study of 20 scholars from Turkey in British academia, this paper investigates the formation of an academic diaspora fragmented across social fault lines. We examine the factors driving the formation of a fragmented academic diaspora, the boundaries defining this community and the challenges it faces. Additionally, we discuss these scholars' professional and personal experiences and investigate their integration into the academic landscape of Britain. Based on the expectations and aspirations of the participants, we propose strategies to leverage fragmentation within this academic diaspora as a pathway to fostering synergies amidst fragmentation and divisiveness.Öğe Imperialism and literature: An imperialism-oriented reading of modern Turkish literature(Sage Publications Ltd, 2023) Bağlama, Sercan Hamza; Güngör, BilginPostcolonial theory perceives the world as divided between the coloniser and the colonised, thus indirectly reproducing the centrality of the West. For this reason, in literary studies, postcolonial theory fails to cover the literatures of those nations which were not colonised in a typical sense but rather occupied by Western imperialism, as was the case with Ottoman Turkey. This necessitates a convergent theoretical framework that might help evaluate the fictionalisation of the intersecting dynamics of oppression, violence, exploitation, and resistance in relation to the hegemonic narratives of imperialism and shape a new perspective regarding the politico-cultural dimension of imperial discourse. This article, in this respect, will critically develop the theoretical foundations of imperialism-oriented literary theory and construct it as an interdisciplinary field that has a potential to contribute to contemporary postcolonial theory and to encompass the intersectional dimensions of imperialism and imperial discourse for the articulation of the fictionalisation of imperialism-related issues in the under-considered corpus of modern Turkish literature.Öğe KAMILA SHAMSIE’S HOME FIRE: NEO-RACISM AND THE ‘HOUSE MUSLIM’(2020) Bağlama, Sercan HamzaHome Fire (2017) by Kamila Shamsie fictionally reveals the security concernsand identity crises of British Muslims through the represented experiences of its minor andmajor characters from a Muslim background and literalises the process in which the‘otherised’ struggle to be recognised, acknowledged and included through the reconstitutionof the ‘self’ in relation to the discursively ‘legitimate’ narratives of the mainstream ‘white’society. In the novel, the Muslim characters who perform the requirements of a ‘proper’Muslim image are accepted into the neo-colonial centre, while those who do not fit into the‘proper’ Muslim image are demonised and criminalised. Considering the conditional inclusionof the ‘otherised’, this article will, in this context, attempt to investigate the operation of neoracism in postmodern capitalism and focus on the construction of acceptable othernesswithin the context of the discursive hegemony of orientalist epistemological formations. Thearticle will also attempt to contribute to and develop Hamid Dabashi’s concept of the ‘houseMuslim’ in order to articulate the cultural and ideological interpellation of the Muslim colonialsubject into the dominant logic of the metropolitan culture.Öğe Refugee narratives in contemporary Turkish literature: a human-centered exploration(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025) Güngör, Bilgin; Bağlama, Sercan HamzaThe experiences of refugees have recently become a key theme in modern Turkish literature, as the refugee “crisis” has turned into a central issue for Turkey since the 2010s. This article explores contemporary Turkish literature’s engagement with the refugee experience and demonstrates how refugee narratives in Turkish literature transcend ideological divides to emphasize the human dimension of displacement. Through an analysis of three literary texts, Hakan Günday’s Daha (2013), Zülfü Livaneli’s Balıkçı ve Oğlu (2021), and Cemal Şakar’s “Kanadında Bir Kuşun” (2018), the article fleshes out the alignment of Turkish authors, both secular and conservative, in their thematic portrayal of refugees. By categorizing the selected texts as examples of contemporary refugee literature, the article also investigates their contribution to a broader literary tradition that has historically dealt with themes of displacement and suffering, thereby enriching the discourse on human dignity and social justice in the context of forced migration.Öğe Revisiting the Spirals of Silence: The Case of Intra-Faith Discrimination at Work in Two Muslim Majority Countries(Wiley, 2025) Uygur, Selçuk; Syed, Jawad; Aydın, Erhan; Özbilgin, Mustafa; Bağlama, Sercan HamzaDrawing on the spiral of silence theory, this manuscript critically explores a notably under-researched domain: the workplace experiences of individuals belonging to faith-based minority groups who encounter religious discrimination in predominantly Muslim countries, specifically T & uuml;rkiye and Pakistan. First, we outline the spirals of silence theory and examine intra-faith discrimination as an illustrative case. We locate the identity and agency of individuals from religious minorities at work, reflecting on an escalation of silence in the context of adversity, as suggested by the spirals of silence theory. Building on 38 interviews with individuals from faith-based minority groups in workplaces within Turkey and Pakistan, our analysis reveals intra-faith religious discrimination in two distinct contexts: one, a country grappling with significant pressure on its secular system, and the other, a nation where the implementation of Islamic egalitarian principles, as enshrined in its constitution, is inconsistent. The study reveals that religiously inspired discrimination is a prevalent and pernicious experience among individuals from faith-based minority groups in both countries, which consequently entrenches the spirals of silence.Öğe Sömürgecilik Sonrası Britanya Romanında İki Boyutlu Yabancılaşma Süreci(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2019) Bağlama, Sercan HamzaBritanya’da 1948 yılında alınan bir karar ile İngiliz Milletler Topluluğu üyesi ülkelerin vatandaşlarına Britanya vatandaşlığı ve Britanya’ya serbest giriş hakkı verildi. Bu, geçmişte Britanya sömürgesi olan ülkelerden Britanya’ya büyük bir göç dalgasını tetikledi. Birçok renkten, ulustan, inançtan ve kökenden göçmen İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasında piyasanın ihtiyaçları dâhilinde ‘ucuz iş gücü’ olarak kullanıldı; sonrasında ise, göçmenlerin yaşadığı sosyal, kültürel ve ekonomik sorunları konu edinen birçok edebi eser kaleme alındı. Bu noktada, bu çalışma, edebi eserlerin yazıldıkları dönemlerdeki sosyoekonomik, kültürel ve tarihsel ‘gerçekliği’ ve bütünselliği, dolaylı ve öznel bir şekilde de olsa, yansıttığı ve işlediği argümanından yola çıkarak, Sam Selvon, Zadie Smith ve Hanif Kureishi tarafından yazılan romanlardaki göçmen karakterleri inceleyip Marks’ın yabancılaşma kuramını yeniden yorumlamayı ve iki boyutlu yabancılaşma’ sürecini kavramsallaştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Başka bir deyişle, bu çalışma sömürgecilik sonrası İngiliz romanının önemli temsilcilerinden olan bu yazarların romanlarındaki göçmen karakterlerin hem sınıfsal hem de etnik kökeninden dolayı yaşamış oldukları anlamsız ve güçsüz hissetme durumunu ‘iki boyutlu yabancılaşma’ kavramı üzerinden rasyonalize etmeye ve karakterlerin, insanların birbirine yabancılaştığı kaotik bir ortamda, kendilerini benzer kaçış mekanizmalarıyla nasıl gerçekleştirmeye çalıştıklarını ve bu şekilde onlar’ın doğrularını içselleştirip ‘beyaz kapitalizm’e kendi rızalarıyla nasıl eklemlendiklerini somutlaştırmaya çalışacaktır.Öğe The impact of the hidden curriculum on international students in the context of a country with a toxic triangle of diversity(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022) Baykut, Sibel; Erbil, Cihat; Özbilgin, Mustafa; Kamasak, Rifat; Bağlama, Sercan HamzaThe hidden curriculum, which refers to the ideologies that remain implicit in educational content, is often studied in the context of developed countries with a colonial past where there are efforts to redress the historical injustice of the colonial past. In this paper, we examine the impact of the hidden curriculum on international students in a country with a toxic triangle of diversity. The toxic triangle of diversity describes a context where there is extensive deregulation, voluntarism without responsibilisation of organisations, and absence of supportive organisational discourses for diversity. Most studies of the hidden curriculum have taken place in countries where there are national laws for equality, institutional responsibility to bias-proof the curriculum, and supportive discourses for diversity. Drawing on a field study with nineteen international students (nine in the field of business studies and ten in other subject fields), we demonstrate how the hidden curriculum remains unattended and how it is legitimised through macro-, meso- and micro-level interactions that students have. We show that the hidden curriculum serves to silence different forms of exclusion, loneliness and discrimination that international students experience in the context of a toxic triangle of diversity. We suggest ways forward for undoing the damage done through the hidden curriculum in toxic contexts.Öğe THE PROCESS OF ‘THEM’ISATION: A MARXIST READING OF BARRY HINES’S A KESTREL FOR A KNAVE(2019) Bağlama, Sercan HamzaThe objective of this article is to propose a Marxist reading of Barry Hines’s AKestrel for a Knave (1968) and to analyse the them-us contradiction through a close readingof the subjective experiences of the protagonist, Billy, in order to put forward that theantagonism between ‘them’ and ‘us’ is, despite the fact that it seems to comply with theMarxist conception of class and class consciousness, perceived more in cultural and personalterms than in economic terms. The article suggests that the lack of a class-consciousapproach based on the exploiter and the exploited is, as in the case of Billy and his defiantand self-centred reactions to the world of ‘them’, unable to lead to a radical transformationof the money-oriented world, capitalism, and that this, on the contrary, interpellates Billy, afictional representative of the socio-historical reality of the English working class, into thetotality of the social relations of production and materialises the hegemonic and reductionistpolitics of power relations. This process will, over the course of the article, be referred to asthe process of ‘them’isation.Öğe The resurrection of the spectre: A marxist analysis of race, class and alienation in the post-war british novel(Peter Lang AG, 2018) Bağlama, Sercan HamzaThis book analyses the literary works of Alan Sillitoe, Sam Selvon, Doris Lessing and James Kelman since each of them is a representative of a different class or colour or gender or region in post-war Britain. The overall aim of the book is to reconceptualise the broader economic, cultural and social framework of the processes of alienation and of escape mechanisms employed by the individual as defence mechanisms in capitalist cultures. Suggesting that postmodern identity politics is unable to give a materialistic articulation of poverty and subordina-tion, the book develops an anti-establishment, egalitarian and emancipatory framework in reading its authors: one which might also be implemented as part of a movement that aims to critique, resist and overthrow injustice and oppression. © Peter Lang GmbH Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften Berlin 2018.
