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Öğe Determination of thermophysical properties of Ficus elastica leaves reinforced epoxy composite(Fırat Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi, 2023) Buran, Abayhan; Durğun, Murat Ersin; Aydoğmuş, Ercan; Arslanoğlu, HasanIn this study, Ficus elastica leaves have been reinforced into an epoxy composite and some physical and chemical characterization of the obtained composite is made. Ficus elastica leaves are ground between 297 and 149 microns. The biomass (Ficus elastica) prepared as a filler material is kept in sodium hydroxide (% 7 NaOH) solution for 24 hours for alkali activation. It is then washed three times with distilled water and dried in an oven at 75 °C for 3 hours. Composite production is carried out by reinforcing the prepared filler to the epoxy resin in certain proportions by mass. The effect of the biomass filler added at the rate of 0 wt.%, 1 wt.%, 3 wt.%, 5 wt.%, and 7 wt.% on the density, Shore D hardness, thermal conductivity coefficient, and activation energy of the epoxy composite is determined. According to the results obtained, the density of the epoxy composite decreases as the filler ratio in the mixture increases. Shore D hardness of epoxy composite decreases with the addition of biomass filler. The epoxy composite produced with biomass reinforcement reduces both the thermal conductivity coefficient and the activation energy. Besides, when the chemical bond structure of the obtained polyester composite is analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), it is seen that there is a physical interaction. According to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, 5 wt.% and 7 wt.% reinforcement of Ficus elastica leaves negatively affects the surface morphology of the epoxy composite.Öğe Drying behavior for Ocimum basilicum Lamiaceae with the new system: exergy analysis and RSM modeling(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Demirpolat, Ahmet B.; Aydoğmuş, Ercan; Arslanoğlu, HasanIn this study, drying kinetics of Arapgir purple basil leaves under the isothermal and non-isothermal conditions have been investigated. Effective methods were evaluated by drying freshly collected basil leaves in the sun, isothermal, and non-isothermal systems. Energy efficiency was compared in different drying processes by performing exergy analysis in the drying process. It has been observed that the energy consumed and lost especially in the convection drying system (tray dryer) is very high. In the experiments performed in the PID (proportional integral derivative) system, the lowest efficiency was found in the isothermal process. Accordingly, the most suitable system in exergy efficiency was determined as the non-isothermal PID system. Maximum energy loss and minimum exergy efficiency were found at 45 °C temperature and 3.0 m/s airflow rate in the convection drying process. Exergy efficiencies were found to be approximately 4% in the convection tray dryer, 26% in the PID system under isothermal conditions, and 32% in the PID system under non-isothermal conditions. Optimization parameters in the drying process were determined by the response surface methodology (RSM), and the kinetic models were compared with the help of statistical analyses in the experiments. Midilli and Kucuk model has been found as the most compatible kinetic equation with the experimental data. According to this model results, correlation coefficient (R2 > 0.990), sum of squared error (SSE˂0.005), chi-square (χ2˂1·10−5), and root mean square error (RMSE˂0.003) values have been evaluated.Öğe Exploring role of polyester composites in biocomposites for advanced material technologies: a comprehensive review(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2025) Dağ, Mustafa; Aydoğmuş, Ercan; Arslanoğlu, Hasan; Yalçın, Zehra GültenThis study represents the culmination of our efforts to explore the crucial role of polyester composites in the field of biocomposites, highlighting their importance in advanced materials technologies. Our primary objective has been to thoroughly elucidate the significance of polyester composites within biocomposites, with a detailed examination of their impact on advanced material technologies. Through this research, we have meticulously investigated the properties of polyesters derived from biodegradable polymers, analyzing their intricate structure-property relationships and potential applications in bio-based production. To drive the industrial adoption of bio-based polyesters, our work emphasizes the need for developing economically viable production methodologies, exploring ecologically sustainable and effective material designs, and advocating for robust policy support to facilitate the commercialization of bio-based polyesters. We propose that future research should focus on the innovation of novel bio-based monomers as sustainable raw material sources, the design of diverse polyester structures utilizing material genome technology, and a comprehensive understanding of the degradation processes and long-term performance of bio-based polyesters. The advancement in this domain relies on interdisciplinary collaboration across materials science, engineering, and chemistry. Our findings underscore that through such interdisciplinary cooperation, a broader spectrum of bio-based polyester products can be developed, thereby expanding their industrial applications. In this context, our investigation aims to contribute to the advancement of sustainable materials and their more effective integration into future material technologies. Graphical AbstractÖğe Investigation of rheological behavior of produced HSTF and evaluation of energy dissipation performance by application to Twaron fabric(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Yanen, Cenk; Solmaz, Murat Yavuz; Aydoğmuş, Ercan; Arslanoğlu, HasanIn this research, the rheological behavior of shear thickening fluid (STF), produced using many nanoparticles, has been investigated. Fumed silica, multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), graphene nanoplate (GFNP), and silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles have been used in the production of the hybrid sample. In the rheological test results, it has been preferred because it is successful in the production of hybrid shear thickening fluid (HSTF), 25 wt.% by the mixture of Aerosil 150, and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400). Different particle sizes of each nanoparticle have been determined by adding MWCNT, GFNP, and SiC nanoparticles to HSTF. In the production of HSTF, the highest performance is found in MWCNT (0.3 wt.%), SiC (0.2 wt.%), and GFNP (0.1 wt.%) when each nanoparticle is used as a single, double, or triple. The stab resistance of Twaron fabrics is also investigated in a drop tower against spike and knife impactors. It is understood that HSTF-impregnated Twaron fabrics have a positive effect on energy absorption performance. The energy absorption performance of HSTF-impregnated Twaron fabrics is found to be more effective than STF-impregnated Twaron fabrics.Öğe Investigation of thermophysical properties of synthesized SA and nano-alumina reinforced polyester composites(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2023) Sahal, Hakan; Aydoğmuş, Ercan; Arslanoğlu, HasanSynthesis and characterization of 4-[(E)-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene) amino]-N-(4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl) benzenesulfonamide (SA) has been performed. Alumina (A1 2 0 3 ) and SA reinforced polyester composites are synthesized, and characterization processes are carried out. SA formed has been characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spektrofotometre and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The thermal decomposition behavior of the nanocomposites in a nitrogen environment under non-isothermal conditions from 298 to 973 K is investigated with proportional-integral-derivative (P1D) system. Thermal conductivity, Shore D hardness, and thermal decomposition behaviors of the nanocomposites that are added with alumina filler and synthesized with SA reinforcement have been compared. Nano-alumina filler raises the thermal conductivity coefficient and Shore D hardness of the polyester composites. The addition of synthesized SA reduces both the thermal conductivity coefficient and Shore D hardness. The thermal conductivity coefficient has been measured at the lowest in the pure polyester (0.056 W/m.K), and highest in the nano-alumina reinforced composite (0.072 W/m.K). The lowest Shore D hardness (nearly 68) is determined in the synthesized SA reinforced composite. Also, the experimental study has been optimized with the help of response surface methodology (RSM), and the improved theoretical models have been evaluated by statistical analysis.Öğe Isothermal and non-isothermal drying behavior for grape (Vitis vinifera) by new improved system: exergy analysis, RSM, and modeling(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Aydoğmuş, Ercan; Demirpolat, Ahmet B.; Arslanoğlu, HasanIn this study, drying of grape (Vitis vinifera) in isothermal and non-isothermal conditions has been done with the newly improved proportional integral derivative (PID) system. The average energy efficiency has been calculated in the processes in which the grapes are dried is 53.4% in the isothermal PID system, 59.7% in the non-isothermal PID system, and 30.5% in the tray dryer (forced convection). To maximum exergy efficiency in the tray dryer, the experimental optimization is made according to the response surface methodology (RSM). In the RSM design, the results have been evaluated by working at different airflow rates (1.5 m/s, 2.2 m/s, 2.9 m/s) and different temperatures (298 K, 308 K, and 318 K). In natural conditions, the drying of grapes took approximately 8 days in the sun and 11 days in the shade. A new shrinkage model has been improved based on the transformation rate, considering the drying behavior of grape grains. The consistency of the obtained model equation with the experimental data has been determined with the help of statistical analysis (R2 0.9987, SST 0.0098). Moreover, when the diffusion behavior of grapes has been investigated, it is determined that both temperature and airflow rate increase the effective diffusion coefficient in the tray dryer. The maximum effective diffusion coefficient in the tray dryer is 2.11·109 m2/s at a temperature of 318 K and an airflow rate of 2.9 m/s. Highlights • According to the exergy results, the efficiency has been found to be maximum in the non-isothermal drying performed with the new improved system. • A new model has been improved based on the conversion rate of shrinkage diameter for grape grains during drying. • To obtain maximum efficiency in the tray dryer, the experimental design of the airflow rate and temperature has been evaluated by RSM optimization. •The effective diffusion coefficient of grape has been compared in the tray dryer under the different conditions.Öğe Manufacturing and characterization of waste polyethylene terephthalate-based functional composites reinforced with organic and inorganic fillers(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2024) Deniz, Şermin; Aydoğmuş, Ercan; Kar, Filiz; Arslanoğlu, HasanMany fillers are employed as reinforcement in polymeric materials to improve their properties and reduce expenses. This research aims to improve the mechanical and thermophysical properties of waste polyethylene terephthalate (WPET). Using recycled materials is also one of the study's objectives in support of environmental preservation. Glass fiber (3 wt.%, 6 wt.%, 9 wt.%, and 15 wt.%), calcium carbonate (5 wt.%, 15 wt.%, and 25 wt.%), and corn starch (3 wt.%) have all been added to WPET in different ratios to create composite materials. The mechanical strength, Shore D hardness tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and thermal, mechanical, physical, and chemical properties of these composites have all been investigated. It has been shown that while the amount of starch in the samples remains constant, the hardness increases as the amount of calcite and glass wool increases. The thermal conductivity does not significantly change as the ratio of glass fiber increases, notwithstanding a modest drop Nonetheless, the thermal conductivity values rise in tandem with the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) ratio.Öğe Production and characterization of gum exudate from apricot tree: modeling the rheology of the obtained extract(Emerald Publishing, 2024) Karataş, Mukaddes; Aydoğmuş, Ercan; Arslanoğlu, HasanPurpose This paper aims to investigate the effect of shear rate, concentration (4-20 kg/m(3)) and temperature (20 degrees C-60 degrees C) on the apparent viscosity of apricot gum solutions. Design/methodology/approach Apparent viscosity has been measured using a rotational viscometer. Findings It has been observed that the shear stress and apparent viscosity values increase at high concentrations in the prepared apricot gum solutions. However, it is understood that the higher the temperature in the operation conditions, the lower the apparent viscosity results. Power-law is found the best-fitting model to illustrate the changes in temperature and concentration. According to the consistency coefficient and flow behavior indices, the apricot gum displayed shear-thinning behavior (pseudoplastic). The apricot gum is a polysaccharide with amino and uronic acids, according to Fouirer Transform Infrared Spektrofotometre spectra. Practical implications The results suggest that power-law model can be used to estimate the viscosity of apricot gum solutions at different temperatures and concentrations for applications for which flow behavior should be taken into account. Originality/value Exudate gums have good rheological properties and, therefore, are widely used in the food industry. Apricot gum is a biodegradable and abundant polysaccharide that enhances viscosity, stabilizes suspension or emulsion and improves the flow properties of foods. Different rheological models are used to investigate rheological properties. However, those models are time-independent to fit the experimental data.Öğe Production and characterization of microsphere reinforced polyester composite: Modeling of thermal decomposition with ANN and optimization studies by RSM(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2024) Aydoğmuş, Ercan; Aydın, Muhammet; Arslanoğlu, HasanIn this research, hollow inorganic microsphere (Q-cel) reinforced unsaturated polyester composite is produced, and its thermophysical properties have been characterized. The thermal decomposition kinetics of the composite obtained at different heating rates and various compositions are modeled using artificial neural networks. Also, the production optimization of the polyester composite has been evaluated using response surface methodology. The study has been repeated for certain heating rates (5, 10, and 20 K/min). Activation energies of polyester composites have been calculated using thermogravimetric data and kinetic methods. Changes in activation energy during the thermal decomposition (4 wt.% Q-cel, 94 wt.% UP, 580-660 K, and 20 K/min) of the composite are compared using FWO (129.4 kJ/mol), KAS (127.6 kJ/mol), and CR (126.5 kJ/mol). According to the results, it is seen that the activation energy goes up as the temperature and Q-cel ratio by the mass increase. When the amount of the filler in the polyester composite increases, the thermal conductivity coefficient also rises. As well as, it is determined that as Q-cel ratio in the mixture raises, the density of the composite decreases and Shore D hardness goes up.Öğe Production of waste polyethylene terephthalate reinforced biocomposite with RSM design and evaluation of thermophysical properties by ANN(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Aydoğmuş, Ercan; Arslanoğlu, Hasan; Dağ, MustafaIn this study, bio-unsaturated polyester (BUP) raw material is synthesized using modified palm oil (MPO). A new BUP composite has been improved by adding waste polyethylene terephthalate (WPET) to the obtained synthesis. The modified palm oil supplementation decreased the density, Shore D hardness, and elastic modulus of the BUP composite while increasing its thermal conductivity, and thermal stability. WPET filler has been used to decrease the thermal conductivity of the BUP composite, rise its elastic modulus and Shore D hardness. When parameters affecting experimental conditions are optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM); BUP (86 wt%), WPET (11.7 wt%), methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP: 1.6 wt%), cobalt octoate (Co. Oc: 0.7 wt%), and curing time (CT: 24 h) are approximately determined. BUP composite's density is 1324 kg/m3, Shore D hardness 84, elastic modulus 346 MPa, thermal conductivity 0.048 W/m·K, and activation energy 135 kJ/mol. Also, when the thermophysical properties of the produced BUP composite have been evaluated using experimental data, it gives consistent results in both Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and RSM method.Öğe Synthesis and characterization of waste polyethylene reinforced modified castor oil-based polyester biocomposite(Wiley, 2022) Aydoğmuş, Ercan; Dağ, Mustafa; Yalçın, Zehra Gülten; Arslanoğlu, HasanIn this research, modified castor oil (MCO)-based biocomposite has been synthesized and its structure is strengthened with waste polyethylene (PE) reinforcement. Both the petrochemical raw material used is reduced by 12 wt% and a new environmentally friendly biocomposite is produced using waste PE. Considering some thermophysical properties of the obtained biocomposite, experimental working conditions, and composition ratios have been optimized with response surface methodology (RSM). The chemical bond structure of the biocomposite has been investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, thermal decomposition behavior by thermogravimetric analysis, and surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy. According to the results obtained, the density and hardness of the biocomposite synthesized by the addition of MCO to unsaturated polyester (UP) decreases, and its thermal conductivity and thermal stability increase. The thermal decomposition kinetics of the biocomposite is also modeled with the newly improved hyperbolic function equation. The relationship between conversion rate and the temperature has been determined by the new model with a high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9985) and low-error functions (SST = 0.0096, RMSE = 0.0285, chi 2 = 0.0037). Effective and efficient use of MCO, UP, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, and cobalt octoate in the production process has provided an economical and steady the biocomposite. Evaluation of experimental data with both RSM and artificial neural networks raises the reliability of the model results.Öğe Thermophysical properties and Optimization of modified palm Oil-Amine reinforced biocomposites for lightweight and insulating applications(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Şahal, Hakan; Aydoğmuş, Ercan; Arslanoğlu, HasanThe aim of this study is to investigate various thermophysical properties of modified palm oil-amine (MPOA) reinforced biocomposites to optimize these materials to meet the requirements of lightness and insulation. The effects of MPOA addition to biocomposites on bulk density, surface hardness, thermal conductivity coefficient, and activation energy have been evaluated. In addition, the structural and physical properties of these biocomposites are aimed to determine their potential use as lightweight and thermal insulation materials. The results show that MPOA incorporation significantly affects the bulk density, Shore A hardness, thermal conductivity, and thermal stability of biocomposites. The addition of MPOA provides significant benefits for lightweight biomaterials by reducing bulk density. However, high MPOA content decreases the surface hardness of the biocomposite, and with zirconium silicate (ZrSiO4), this drawback is eliminated and the curing time is reduced. Increasing MPOA ratios also improve the insulation properties of biocomposites by reducing the thermal conductivity coefficient. Thermal decomposition experiment results show that higher MPOA content reduces thermal stability. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals that high levels of MPOA lead to increased surface porosity and irregularities, negatively affecting surface morphology. An optimal MPOA reinforcement level of 5 wt% provides a balance between desirable properties such as reduced density and improved thermal insulation while minimizing adverse morphological effects. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirms the presence of epoxy resin and the successful chemical modification of palm oil to create bioepoxy feedstock. MPOA reinforcement offers benefits such as reduced bulk density and improved thermal insulation while addressing challenges in surface morphology, mechanical properties, and thermal stability. The study concludes that biocomposites with 5 wt% MPOA provide optimum stability, making them suitable for applications requiring lightweight and thermally insulating materials without significantly compromising structural integrity. This research, the long-term performance of biocomposites, and future investigations into their potential applications will further expand their practical applicability. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.
