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    Hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (Fenugreek) seed extract against sodium nitrite toxicity in rats
    (Biomedpress, 2019) Atila Uslu, Gozde; Uslu, Hamit; Adali, Yasemen
    Introduction: Feeding habits and environmental factors may rival genetic susceptibility as etiological factors related to various cancers. Humans are continuously exposed to many synthetic food additives, one of which is sodium nitrite (NaNO2). There is a direct correlation between increases in consumption of nitrite-treated products and incidence of tissue damage, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and some types of cancer. The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects of Trigonella foenurn-graecum (TFG) on NaNO2-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Methods: Forty rats were randomly assigned (10 per group) to control (physiological saline solution), TFG (150 mg/kg/day), NaNO2 (80 mg/kg/day), and NaNO2+TFG (80 mg/kg/day + 150 mg/kg/day) groups. This group was offered TFG seed extract two hours before NaNO2. At the end of three months, the rats were decapitated, and blood, kidney and liver tissues were removed. Results: Three months of oral administration of NaNO2 increased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea, creatinine, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the liver and kidney tissues [except for liver Interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha)] of rats. Serum AST, ALT, urea, creatinine, liver IL-6, and kidney tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-6, IL-1 alpha levels significantly decreased in the NaNO2 +TFG group compared to the NaNO2 group. Pathological examinations, it was determined show that exogenously administered TFG could alleviate the effects of NaNO2 hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Conclusions: Our results suggest that exogenous TFG mitigates NaNO2-administration induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. TFG extract exerted antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, and played a significant role in preventing hepatic and renal damage induced by chronic NaNO2 administration.
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    Therapeutic effect of Tarantula cubensis extract on indomethacin induced gastric ulcers in rats
    (Chulalongkorn Univ, 2020) Makav, Mustafa; Gelen, Volkan; Gedikli, Semin; Atila Uslu, Gozde; Uslu, Hamit; Eroglu, Huseyin Avni
    Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have widely been used in patients but side-effects associated with NSAID are also common. Tarantula cubensis extract (TCE) is an antiphlogistic, demarcative, homeopathic and necrotizing drug with wound healing effects in farm animals. However, the therapeutic effects of TCE on gastric ulcers has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the gastroprotective effects of TCE against indomethacin-induced gastric injury in rats. A total of 28 female, Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: (i) the control group, (ii) the indomethacin (Indo) group, (iii) the TCE + Indo group, and (iv) the ranitidine + Indo group. We measured total antioxidant capacity, total oxidant capacity and oxidative stress index in the blood serum. We also measured tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-6, IL-8, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity level in the stomach tissue of rats. Finally, histopathology of the tissue of all groups was assessed. Immunostaining of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) was performed in the gastric tissue of all animals studied. Application of the TCE significantly decreased IL-1 beta and IL-6 levels were markedly lower than ranitidine. Thus, notable Indo-induced alterations in cytokines (IL-1 beta, IL-6) in rat gastric tissue were alleviated by TCE. Moreover, the gastric mucosal tissues of the TCE treated group exhibited a regular and uninterrupted mucosal layer and epithelial layer. Immunohistochemical results revealed that Indo increased 8-OHdG and NF-kB expression when compared to the control groups and treatment by TCE decreased the expression. The results obtained showed that the group receiving TCE exhibited lower gastric erosion and better efficiency than with ranitidine. These results have demonstrated that TCE provides a therapeutic effect in Indo-induced gastric ulcers in rats.