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    Ağızda maya yükünün belirlenmesi ve izole edilen candida cinsi mayaların tanımlanması
    (Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2020) Ateş, Gülçin Özcan; Otkun, Müşerref
    Mikrobiyota, insan vücudun çok önemli bir parçasıdır ve ağız mikrobiyotası insan mikrobiyotasınının önemli bir kısmıdır. Ağız, birçok mikroorganizmayı yapısında içermektedir. Bu mikroorganizmalar, bakteri, maya, küf, protozoon ve arkelerdir. Mikrobiyota çalışmalarında genel olarak bakteriyel mikrobiyota belirlenirken, fungal mikrobiyota ile ilgili çalışmalar az bulunmaktadır. Bununla birlikte son zamanlarda fungal mikrobiyota üzerine olan çalışmalar hızla artmaktadır. Mikrobiyota günümüzde insan vücudunun bir organı olarak kabul edilmekte ve sağlığı etkilediği üzerine çeşitli çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Hatta bazı durumlarda mikrobiyotanın bir parçası olan mikroorganizmanın, çeşitli koşullar altında fırsatçı patojen durumunda hastalıklara sebep olduğu bilinmektedir. Özellikle Candida cinsi mayalar fırsatçı patojen mikroorganizmalardır. Bu nedenle araştırmamızda sağlıklı 1825 yaş arası genç bireylerin ağız mikrobiyotasında bulunan maya yükleri ve Candida cinsleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışmamıza katılan 31 katılımcıdan örnek alınmıştır ve katılımcılara anket uygulanmıştır. Katılımcılardan alınan örneklerin SCAF ve SDA besiyerlerine ekimleri yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak sağlıklı 18-25 yaş arası genç bireylerin ağız maya yükünün SCAF besiyerinde 0,01±0,01 ve 1,87±0,01 log kob ve SDA besiyerinde bakteri ve maya yükünün ise 0,01±0,01 ve >3,00±0,01 log kob düzeyinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sayım petrilerinden toplam 500 adet izolat alınmıştır. Alınan izolatların öncelikle lam-lamel arası preparatları hazırlanarak maya olup olmadığı belirlenmiştir. 140 izolatın maya olduğu belirlenmiştir. Maya olduğu belirlenen izolatlara GTT yapılmıştır. GTT ile 108 tanesinin muhtemel Candida albicans/dublinensis olabileceği belirlenmiştir. 140 izolat daha sonra MALDI-TOF MS ile tanımlanmıştır. İzolatların 54 tanesi C. albicans, 5 tanesi C. albicans (africana), 46 tanesi C. dublinensis, 28 tanesi C. parapsilosis, 3 tanesi C. inconspicua, 3 tanesi Pichia manshurica ve 1 tanesi Wickerhamomyces subpelliculosus olarak tanımlanmıştır.
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    Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Abies nordmanniana subsp. equi-trojani (Aschers. & Sint. ex Boiss) Extracts
    (2024) Ateş, Gülçin Özcan; Süerdem, Tülay Bican
    In this study, the antibacterial and antifungal activity of Abies nordmanniana subsp. equi-trojani cone spangles, which are endemic and endangered and grow in Çanakkale Ida Mountains, was investigated by agar well diffusion and microplate methods. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of distilled water, ethanol, methanol and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) extracts of cone spangles was evaluated against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and yeasts. As a result, it was determined that the DMSO extract had antibacterial and antifungal activity against the tested microorganisms, while the extract prepared with distilled water had no activity. The antimicrobial activity of the methanol and ethanol extracts varied depending on the microorganism type. When the results of this study were compared with the positive control (penicillin G and fluconazole), it was determined that the extracts were not as effective as the antibiotic and antifungal disc. As a result, it is important to use alternative products that are abundant in nature instead of products derived from endangered species.
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    Antifungal activity of Eugenia caryophyllata, Cinnamomum sp., Mentha piperita, and Thymus vulgaris essential oils against Aspergillus niger
    (2023) Ateş, Gülçin Özcan
    Aspergillus species are pollutants found in both food and air. The increase in the metabolic activity of Aspergillus leads to spoilage of foodstuffs and large economic losses. In addition, some Aspergillus species have the ability to produce aflatoxins and ochratoxins, secondary metabolites called, namely, mycotoxins. Especially mycotoxins are very important in terms of food safety and human health. Since the protection of human and animal health and the prevention of economic losses is a very important issue, our study aimed to determine the antifungal activity of Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb., Cinnamomum sp., Mentha piperita L. and Thymus vulgaris L. essential oils (EO) against Aspergillus niger Tiegh. NRRL 321 strain. In the second step, MIC and MFC values of EOs were determined. It was determined that the MIC value of Cinnamomum sp, M. piperita and T. vulgaris EOs was 0.01 µL/mL, and E. caryophyllata EO was 0.5 µL/mL. It was determined that E. caryophyllata, Mentha piperita and Thymus vulgaris EOs completely inhibited radial colony growth at MIC, 2xMIC and 4xMIC values. It was determined that the inhibition of radial growth of Cinnamomum sp. EO varies depending on the concentration, and the inhibition rate increases as the concentration increases. As a result, evaluations should be made considering the in vivo conditions that the tested EOs showed strong antifungal activity against the A. niger strain.
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    Biodiversity of ochratoxigenic Aspergillus species isolated from çavuş and karalahna grapes in Bozcaada, Türkiye
    (2024) Ateş, Gülçin Özcan; Zorba, Nükhet Nilüfer; Şen, Burhan
    This study reported the presence and OTA production of ochratoxigenic Aspergillus species isolated from Bozcaada Çavuş and Karalahna grapes. The study was conducted with Aspergillus isolates isolated from grape samples collected during ripening in 2015 and 2016. Thin-layer chromatography was used to determine the secondary metabolite profiles of 290 Aspergillus isolates. Out of these, 122 isolates were found to be possible OTA producers. 43 isolates, selected based on their colony morphology of 122 isolates in different culture media, were identified using calmodulin gene sequencing analysis. The identified isolates were determined to be A. tubingensis, A. carbonarius, A. niger/welwitschia/awamori, A. welwitschia, A. spelaeus, and A. fructus. OTA production was investigated in six isolates. Using HPLC-FLD, these isolates were found to produce OTA in quantities ranging from 3.550 ± 0.240 to 92.346 ± 0.818 ppb. Consequently, OTA-producing Aspergillus species were isolated from grapes. The presence of A. spelaeus and A. fructus was reported for the first time in grapes. A. fructus has been found to be a new record for Türkiye.
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    Biyoaerosol Kompozisyonu ve Karbondioksit (CO2 ) Düzeyinin Covid-19 Salgın Sürecinin Başlangıcında Bir Spor Salonunda Araştırılması
    (2021) Menteşe, Sibel; Ateş, Gülçin Özcan; Aydın, Müge; Otkun, Müşerref Tatman
    Bu çalışma, Covid-19 salgınının ülkemizde resmi olarak ilk vakanın gözlendiği tarihlerde, çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katılan bir spor salonunda 3 farklı günde (10-12 Mart2020) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sırasında salondaki kişi sayısı ve çeşitli parametrelerde kaydedilmiştir. Çalışmanın yapıldığı spor salonunda eğitmen gözetiminde bayanlartoplu olarak pilates aktivitesini gerçekleştirmiştir. Bu çalışmada biyoaerosollerin tür vemiktar tayini ile sıcaklık, bağıl nem, atmosferik basınç ve karbon dioksit (CO2) düzeylerispor salonunun içinde ve dış ortam havasında eşzamanlı olarak ölçülmüştür.Spor salonunda en yüksek CO2 seviyeleri aktivite sırasında ve/ya aktivitelerden hemensonra ölçülmüştür. Spor salonunda toplam bakteri ve mantar seviyeleri 102 ila >103CFU/m3 arasında bulunmuştur. İç ortamda havadan kaynaklı bakteri düzeyleri en düşükaktivite öncesinde ve en yüksek aktivite sırasında ve/ya sonrasında gözlenmiştir. Ortamdaki kişi sayısı ile bakteri ve CO2 düzeyleri arasında lineer ilişki bulunmuştur (r2 ~ 0,7).İç ve dış ortamda sıklıkla gözlenen Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium ve Alternariamantar türlerine ilaveten; deri ve/ya saç mantar enfeksiyonuna neden olan Microsporumve Trichophyton; insan patojeni Nigrospora ile su sızıntısı olan binalarda kullanılan izolasyon köpüğünde büyüyen Stachybotrys türlerine ise spor salonlarının sadece iç ortamhavasında rastlanılmıştır.
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    Evaluation of the bioactivities of turmeric spices of different origins
    (2023) Canbolat, Fadime; Ateş, Gülçin Özcan
    Our study aimed to compare the in vitro bioactivities of turmeric spice samples obtained from three different sources (India, Pakistan, and Indonesia). Our study involved the determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content, in vitro antioxidant activities, tyrosinase enzyme activity, and antimicrobial activity (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans) analyses in three different spice samples. Each spice sample was dissolved in 250 mL of ethanol and stirred on a magnetic stirrer for 36 hours. After filtering out the solid parts, the residues were dissolved again in 250 mL of ethanol separately. This process was repeated three times. After the filtration steps, all filtrates were combined. The remaining solvents in the filtrate were evaporated using an evaporator. The residue of the extracts was placed in Eppendorf tubes and stored in a freezer until use. It has been determined that turmeric of Indian origin, with its high phenolic and flavonoid content, exhibits more potent antioxidant and antityrosinase effects than those from Indonesia and Pakistan. However, antimicrobial activity could not be detected within the studied concentration range of 10 µg/mL to 400 mg/mL.
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    In Vitro Evaluation of Biofilm Forming Capacity and Antifungal Resistance of Yeast Isolated from Individuals Aged 18-25 Years
    (2023) Ateş, Gülçin Özcan; Otkun, Müşerref Tatman
    Microbiota studies are an increasingly important issue today. In the literature, there are limited studies on the antifungal resistance and biofilm formation capacity of yeasts isolated from the mouths of young individuals. For this reason, our study was carried out with 133 yeast isolates isolated from the mouths of 17 young individuals between the ages of 18-25 in 2018-2020. When the biofilm-forming capacities of 133 isolates were examined, it was determined that 99.25% were biofilm producers by tissue culture plate method and 66.92% by tube method. One hundred thirty-three yeast isolates and seven reference strains were first evaluated against fluconazole antifungal by agar disc diffusion method. The isolates were found to be susceptible to fluconazole. According to this result, 20 isolates with strong biofilm-forming capacity were selected from 133 yeast isolates. Antifungal resistance was evaluated with fluconazole, itraconazole, clotrimazole, amphotericin B and nystatin gradient test strips. It was determined that 20 isolates were resistant to amphotericin B, and 18 were resistant to nystatin antifungal. It was determined that the sensitivity of itraconazole to 14 isolates and clotrimazole to 3 isolates was dose-dependent. As a result, azole group antifungals can be used mainly in treating oral yeast infections.
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    Morphological and Molecular Identification of Sepultariella semi-immersa : New Locality Record for Türkiye
    (2024) Acar, İsmail; Karabıyık, Halide; Ateş, Gülçin Özcan
    Sepultariella semi-immersa (Pyronemataceae, Ascomycota) was identified in a new locality for macrofungal diversity in Türkiye from Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Terzioğlu Campus. S. semi-immersa, which constitutes a species comlex, is included in the Sepultariella clade. This study gives a detailed description of the species, geographical coordinates, photographs taken in its natural habitat, and its phylogenetic position in the genus Sepultariella based on molecular data. The Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequence determined the evolutionary and phylogenetic relationship within the genus but S. semi-immersa, which might constitute a species complex.
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    Öğe
    Thiophene-benzimidazolium Polymer Salts: Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial Activities, and Evaluation in Terms of Occupational Health
    (Polymer Society of Korea, 2021) Kanbur, Savaş; Ateş, Gülçin Özcan; Altınışık, Sinem; Çınar, Ulaş; Baycan, Fatma
    A new thiophene benzimidazole based polymer (TBIP) was synthesized and then the TBIP-Br, TBIP-BF4 and TBIP-ClO4 polymer salts were obtained in water. All polymer salts can be dissolved in environmentally friendly solvents such as water or ethanol. Electrochemical and optical properties of the polymers were elucidated with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and ultraviolet-visible absorption (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. By using CV, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) values were found as approximately 1.70 eV. According to the atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of the thin film of TBIP, there are homogeneously distributed and smaller particles on the film surface, while the surface of TBIP-Br and TBIP-ClO4 thin films is rougher due to -Br and -ClO4 counter ions being bigger than -BF4. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity of TBIP polymers was also investigated. All TBIP and its salts were showed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus ATCC 6538 and no antimicrobial activity against E. coli ATCC 1301 and ATCC 25922.