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    Öğe
    Estimating Roughage Quality with Near Infrared Reflectance (NIR) Spectroscopy and Chemometric Techniques
    (2020) Atalay, Hasan; Kahrıman, Fatih
    Near-Infrared Spectroscopy has been commonly adopted in feed quality evaluations. The majority of studies havebeen performed on the detection of fibrous components with the help of NIR. Model development studies arenot yet common for different roughage quality characteristics such as Relative Forage Value (RFV), RelativeForage Quality (RFQ), and Net Energy Lactation (NEL), which are used in the evaluation of roughage quality.The purpose of this study is the detection of RFV, RFQ, and NEL values with NIR spectroscopy in differentroughage samples, and to investigate the effect of wavelength selection on the model's success. In this study,spectral data belonging to silage, dry alfalfa, dry oat, and wheat straw samples and laboratory analysis results wereused to develop estimation models according to the partial least square regression (PLSR) method. A variableimportance projection (VIP) method was used as the wavelength selection method. Estimation models, whichwere developed according to study results, were obtained from the VIP-PLS model combination (RMSE=12.7,Bias=0.000, R2=0.804, RPD=2.28) for RFV. VIP method has increased the estimation of success for allvariables. Based on the study results, it was recognized that it is possible to use NIR in the calculations used inroughages quality evaluation parameters.
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    Öğe
    Estimation of dry matter, crude protein and starch values in mixed feeds by near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy
    (İstanbul Veteriner Hekimler Odası, 2020) Atalay, Hasan; Kahrıman, Fatih; Alatürk, Firat
    This study aims to determine the levels of dry matter, crude protein, and starch widely used in ruminant feeding, in dairy and beef cattle mixed feeds based on the measurements taken from two different Near-Infrared Reflectance (NIR) devices. The chemical analyses of the mixed feed samples used in the study were performed and the reference values (REF) were determined. In the research, two different NIR devices, a Benchtop-NIR and a Portable-NIR, were used and the nutrient values of mixed feeds were analyzed with these devices. It was determined that there were statistically significant differences between the reference method and NIR results for protein and starch content. Although the differences between the mean values were significant, the reference analyses results and NIR measurements were similar in some ways. According to the correlation coefficients calculated between the reference analyses with Benchtop-NIR and Portable-NIR devices, there was a weak correlation in the dry matter content, while a strong positive correlation existed in the protein (r = 0.72 for Portable, r = 0.93 for Benchtop NIR) and starch content. In the study, 30 different mixed feed (dairy cattle feed, beef cattle feed) values that are commonly used in ruminant feeding were measured.
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    Öğe
    Estimation of relative feed value, relative forage quality and net energy lactation values of some roughage samples by using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy
    (İstanbul Veteriner Hekimler Odası, 2020) Atalay, Hasan; Kahrıman, Fatih
    The aim of this study is to determine the relative feed value (RFV), relative forage quality (RFQ) and net energy lactation (NEL) values of some roughage samples, based on the measurements taken from two different near infrared reflectance (NIR) devices. Corn silage (n = 18), alfalfa (n = 9), oat grass hay (n = 15), wheat straw (n = 10) were used as roughage samples and NIR measurements were taken from these samples in two ways. In the study, two different NIR (NIR1, NIR2) devices were used and nutrient values of roughage samples which were used were determined. The reference chemical analyzes of the roughage samples used in the study were made in the laboratory as dry matter. After the determination of the nutritional values, by adding these nutritional values (Dry matter, ether extract, crude protein, ash, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber) to the RFV, RFQ, NEL equations, RFV, RFQ and NEL values of each roughage sample were calculated. Meanwhile, the roughage samples used in the study were also analyzed in NIR devices and after the nutritional values were determined, these nutritional values were written in the RFV, RFQ, NEL equations thus RFV, RFQ, NEL values of each roughage samples were calculated separately for each device. Relationships between predictions obtained from NIR1 and NIR2 devices and reference chemical analysis values were determined by statistical tests. It was determined that the type of device and sample used had an important effect on the relationships between the results obtained from the reference analyzes and the predictions based on NIR measurements. Regression coefficients between RVF, RFQ and NEL values obtained from NIR1 and NIR2 devices and RVF, RFQ and NEL values obtained from reference (REF) analysis were determined to be 0.37 and 0.50. Among the roughage types, the highest similarity between NIR results and reference analysis results was found in alfalfa samples. The study results showed that indirect estimation by NIR relating to RVF, RFQ and NEL parameters is possible depending on the sample type and that there is a need for calibration improvement studies to determine these parameters directly with NIR.