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    Sclerotic effect of bleomycin on the submandibular gland: An experimental model
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2013) Guclu, Oguz; Muratli, Asli; Arik, Deniz; Tekin, Kazim; Erdogan, Halil; Derekoy, Fevzi Sefa
    Objectives: To evaluate the sclerotic effect of bleomycin on the submandibular gland histopathologically and assess it as a possible alternative therapy for sialorrhea. Methods: An experimental model was designed and 18 New Zealand white rabbits were used. The rabbits were divided into two groups: a bleomycin group (n = 9) and a sham group (n = 9). The submandibular glands of the bleomycin group were injected with 0.3 ml bleomycin (3 mg/ml) while the sham group received 0.3 ml saline. Four weeks after the procedure, the glands were removed. Histopathological studies including hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome stain were carried out. The glands were evaluated for tissue inflammation, fibrosis, edema, lipomatosis, atrophy and congestion. To investigate apoptosis, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated digoxigenin-11-dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) immunohistochemical staining was used. Results: In the group injected with bleomycin, inflammation (n = 8), edema (n = 4), fibrosis (n = 3), congestion (n = 4) and lipomatosis (n = 7) were observed. In the sham group, only lipomatosis was observed. The TUNEL assay results were 5.06 +/- 1.18 (p < 0.05) for acinar cells and 8.46 +/- 0.82 (p < 0.05) for ductal cells in the bleomycin group. This was significantly different from the results in the sham group. Conclusions: Apoptosis, inflammation, fibrosis, edema, lipomatosis and congestion were observed in the ductal and acinar cells of the bleomycin group. Bleomycin may be an alternative treatment for sialorrhea cases. However, more research is needed. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Sclerotic effect of oxytetracycline on the submandibular gland: An experimental model
    (Vendome Group Llc, 2016) Guclu, Oguz; Muratli, Asli; Arik, Deniz; Tekin, Kazim; Erdogan, Halil; Derekoy, Fevzi Sefa
    Oxytetracycline has been suggested as an alternate therapy for chronic recurrent sialadenitis and sialorrhea. We conducted an experimental study to investigate the sclerotic effect of this drug on the submandibular gland by histopathologic methods. Our subjects were 20 New Zealand white rabbits, which were divided into two groups of 10. The right submandibular gland of the rabbits in the active treatment group was injected with 0.3 ml of oxytetracycline (100 mg/ml), and that of the controls was injected with saline. Four weeks after the injections, all the glands were removed. Histopathologic studies, including hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome staining, were carried out. The glands were evaluated for tissue inflammation, congestion, fibrosis, edema, lipomatosis, and atrophy. To investigate apoptosis, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) immunohistochemical staining was used. In the study group, inflammation (n = 9), congestion (n = 9), fibrosis (n = 6), edema (n = 6), and lipomatosis (n = 4) were observed; in the sham group, only lipomatosis was seen (n = 5). The TUNEL assay results for acinar cells were 4.51 +/- 1.41% in the oxytetracycline group and 2.08 +/- 1.76% in the control group (p = 0.006); the corresponding figures for the duct cells were 7.05 +/- 0.87% and 3.10 +/- 2.26% (p = 0.001). Based on our findings, we conclude that oxytetracycline might be a viable alternative for the treatment of chronic recurrent sialadenitis and sialorrhea. However, more research in this area is needed.