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    Evaluation of Clinical and Electrophysiological Effects of Electrical Stimulation on Spasticity of Plantar Flexor Muscles in Patients with Stroke
    (Aves, 2015) Gurcan, Aysel; Selcuk, Barin; Onder, Burcu; Akyuz, Mufit; Akbal Yavuz, Ayla
    Objective: The aim of this study is to measure the clinical and electrophysiological effects of electrical stimulation on the spasticity of plantar flexor muscles in hemiplegic patients who have plantar flexor spasticity. Material and Methods: Thirty-two hemiplegic patients having spasticity in lower extremities were included. Study group patients underwent electrical stimulation of the spastic agonist muscles for 20 min per day for 15 days in addition to the conventional program. On the other hand, control group patients underwent the conventional rehabilitation program only. The hemiplegic patients were clinically and electrophysiologically evaluated twice before and after the treatment within 24-48 h. Results: A noticeable rise in Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores, strength of ankle dorsiflexion, and range of motion of passive ankle dorsiflexion and a noticeable statistical decrease in the tonus of the ankle plantar flexor were found in the group that underwent electrical stimulation when pretreatment findings were compared to post-treatment findings. While the H/M range was found to be noticeably high in both the control and study hemiplegic groups (p = 0.005) in the pretreatment period, no statistical difference was seen in the control and study groups compared to that in the pretreatment period in electrophysiological statistical parameters (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Electrical stimulation can be a good functional option for treating patients having plantar flexor spasticity because it can be applied at home, it has no side effect, it is cheap, it is easy to apply, and it has a good functional performance in addition to the conventional treatment for spasticity.
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    P-wave and QT Dispersion in Spinal Cord Injury
    (Japan Soc Internal Medicine, 2014) Akbal, Ayla; Kurtaran, Aydan; Gurcan, Aysel; Selcuk, Barin; Batgi, Hikmetullah; Akyuz, Mufit; Gokmen, Ferhat
    Objective Spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to significant cardiac arrhythmia. However, P-wave, QT dispersion, and risk factors in these patients have not been widely investigated. In this study, we assessed whether there is a relationship between electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters and risk factors in SCI patients. Methods The study population consisted of 85 SCI patients and 38 control subjects. P-wave durations were measured using 12 leads of the surface ECG. P-wave dispersion was defined as the difference between the P-wave maximum and P-wave minimum duration. QT dispersion was defined as the difference between the largest and smallest QT interval for any of the 12 leads (QTmax-QT-min). QT intervals were also corrected (QTc) in accordance with the heart rate using Bazett's formula (QT Interval/root[RR interval]). We also evaluated the independent risk factors for P-wave dispersion and QT dispersion in SCI patients. Results The P-wave minimum, P-wave maximum, QT minimum, and dispersion were significantly different between the control and SCI groups. There was no significant difference in P-wave dispersion, QT maximum, or QTc. Multivariate regression analysis showed that disease duration, glucose and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, and systolic tension were independent risk factors for P-wave dispersion. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that QT dispersion is related to SCI and that P-wave dispersion was linked to the duration of SCI, HDL-C and glucose levels, and arterial tension in SCI patients.