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    Effects of the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş earthquake on structures in Kahramanmaraş city
    (Springer, 2024) Avcil, Fatih; Isik, Ercan; Izol, Rabia; Buyuksarac, Aydin; Arkan, Enes; Arslan, Musa Hakan; Aksoylu, Ceyhun
    Large-scale loss of life and property occurred in Kahramanmaras and its districts, which are the city center where the epicenters of the earthquake couples that occurred on February 6, 2023, in Turkiye. Major damage has occurred in different structural systems due to the earthquake. In addition, fault traces that are the source of the earthquake were clearly observed on the ground surface. In this study, the effects of both earthquakes on soil, reinforced concrete, masonry, prefabricated, and other structural systems were evaluated observationally in Kahramanmaras and its districts. Comparisons were made on the last two earthquake maps used in Turkiye for the locations of strong ground motion measuring devices in Kahramanmaras. The masonry structures, which are common in rural areas in the epicenter, have been heavily damaged because they have not received engineering service. However, it is seen that the concrete buildings have insufficient strength and ductility. A similar situation is also present in industrial precast structures, and it has been observed that the damaged and collapsed in these structures are manufactured without complying with the type connection details given for prefabricated reinforced concrete structures in the codes. It has also been observed that the soil-structure interaction is the most determining parameter in the structure's performance in these earthquake couples. Especially in weak soils, the damage to the structures has been quite heavy. The field data obtained from the earthquakes showed that some of the conditions of the current earthquake code should be discussed again.
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    Structural damages in masonry buildings in Adiyaman during the Kahramanmaras, (Turkiye) earthquakes (Mw 7.7 and Mw 7.6) on 06 February 2023
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Işık, Ercan; Avcıl, Fatih; Büyüksaraç, Aydın; İzol, Rabia; Hakan Arslan, Musa; Aksoylu, Ceyhun; Eyisüren, Onur
    The 06 February 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes, which were the disaster of the century for Türkiye and in which more than 50,000 people lost their lives, caused many buildings to collapse or receive significant structural damages. Adıyaman is one of the provinces that caused the most destruction by earthquakes affecting 11 different provinces, which occupy approximately 14% of the country's surface area. The masonry buildings have been severely damaged by earthquakes, which constitute a significant part of the building stock in the province's rural areas. In this study, the region's seismicity and the spectral acceleration values of the last earthquakes were analyzed, and the distribution of building damages was given statistically. The main goal of this study is to determine the collapse and failure mechanisms of existing unreinforced masonry buildings in detail. The study also includes reconstruction strategies or retrofitting procedures to prevent damage to masonry structures in the region. Non-compliance with seismic design codes is the leading cause of damage in masonry buildings constructed by local craftsmen using low-strength wall and joint building materials. The usage of heavy earthen roofs, insufficient wall-wall, and wall-roof connections, lack of vertical and horizontal beams, poor workmanship, and insufficient interlocking between layers are the causes of structural damages observed in the field. At the end of the study, critical clauses in the current earthquake code were emphasized, and the precautions to be taken for existing and new design masonry buildings were also mentioned.