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    Amino acid composition and crude protein values of some Cyanobacteria from Canakkale (Turkey)
    (Univ Karachi, 2015) Akgul, Riza; Kizilkaya, Bayram; Akgul, Fusun; Erdugan, Huseyin
    Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) form an important component of integrated nutrient managements in agriculture and are exploited in commercial biotechnological ventures. In this study, Rivularia bullata (Poir) Berkeley ex Bornet & Flahault, Nostocs pongiaeforme C. Agardh ex Bornet & Flahault were researched for their amino acid composition and crude protein values. R. bullata was collected from coastal zones of the Gulf of Saros and N. spongiaeforme from the Ayazma Stream. The levels of amino acids were measured in algae samples using EZ: fast kits (EZ: fast GC/FID Protein Hydrolysate Amino Acid Kit) by gas chromatography. The crude proteins of samples were determined by the Kjeldahl method and were calculated using a nitrogen conversion factor of 6.25. Thirty-two amino acids were investigated, for N. spongiaeforme eight free essential amino acids (EAA), eight free non-essential amino acids (NEAA) and eleven other amino acids (OAA); for R. bullata eight EAA, eight NEAA and eight OAA were detected. Aspartic acid is the major constituent for both species. The total protein percents were determined for N. spongiaeforme as % 19.83 and for R. bullata as % 6.15. When considering the increasing world population and reducing natural products; Cyanobacteria will benew feed sources for all living.
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    BIOSORPTION OF HEAVY METAL IONS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS BY NONLIVING Scenedesmus quadricauda BIOMASS
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2012) Akgul, Riza; Kizilkaya, Bayram; Akgul, Fusun; Dogan, Fatih
    In present study, biosorptions of lead (II), cadmium (II), cobalt (II) and chromium (III) ions from water were studied and dead algae biomass (Scenedesmus quadri-cauda Chodat) was used as natural and biological sorbents. The effects of pH, contact time and metal concentration on the biosorption capacity were investigated. The maximum biosorption capacities for Co (II), Cr (III), Cd (II) and Pb (II) were found to be 32.8, 20.3, 63.9 and 123.0 mg/g, respectively. The experiments showed that when pH increased, an increase in the biosorption capacity of the biomass was observed. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models were applied to experimental equilibrium data of metal ions adsorption and the value of R-L for Co (II), Cr (III), Cd (II) and Pb (II) was found to be 0.639, 0.580, 0.915 and 0.949, respectively. The algae biomass was effectively used as a sorbent for removal of metal ions from aqueous solutions.
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    Crude Protein Values and Amino Acid Profiles of Some Red Algae Collected from Canakkale
    (Natl Inst Science Communication-Niscair, 2015) Akgul, Riza; Kizilkaya, Bayram; Akgul, Fusun; Ormanci, Hasan Basri
    Present study consists the total protein values and amino acids components of the some red algae, collected from coastal zones of the Dardanelles and inland water. Crude proteins of samples Were determined by the Kjeldahl method and were calculated using a nitrogen conversion factor of 6.25. Levels of amino acids were measured in algae samples using gas chromatography. Total protein contents were 36.72% in Batrachospermum gelatinosum (Linnaeus) De Candolle, 32.3% in Ceramium rubrum var. barbatum G. Feldmann-Mazoyer, 27.84% in Lemanea fluviatilis (Linnaeus) C. Agardh and 19.5% in Phyllophora crispa (Hudson) P.S. Dixon. In all, thirty two amino acids were identified and estimated. Analysis revealed the presence of eight free essential, nine free non essential and fifteen other amino acids. Aspartic acid was the major constituent in all the samples. Kinds and percentage of amino acids vary according to algae.
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    Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Scenedesmus-Like Species from Ergene River Basin (Thrace, Turkey)
    (Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2017) Akgul, Fusun; Kizilkaya, Inci Tuney; Akgul, Riza; Erdugan, Huseyin
    The genus Scenedesmus and other allied morphospecies can not only been identified morphologically due to their smaller sizes and phenotypic plasticity. In this study, six Scenedesmus-like species were isolated and investigated from the inland freshwater of Ergene River Basin (Thrace, Turkey). These strains were studied in-depth using the light microscopy (LM) and the molecular ITS1-ITS4 gene sequencing. The combined morphological and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the strains studied belonged to the genera Desmodesmus (2 strains were characterized as D. communis and one strain identified as D. armatus var. subalternas), Acutodesmus (2 strains related to A. obliquus), and only one strain of the genus Pectinodesmus that identified as P. pectinatus. This study confirms that morphological identification of Scenedesmus-like species is considered not only enough for accurate species delineation but also the molecular approaching techniques should be applied. However, more deep molecular studies using other genes sequencing should be integrated for more easily species identification.
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    Total Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition of Twelve Algae from Canakkale (Turkey)
    (Natl Inst Science Communication-Niscair, 2015) Akgul, Riza; Kizilkaya, Bayram; Akgul, Fusun; Erdugan, Huseyin
    The total lipid and fatty acid methyl esters composition of the some algae collected from coastal zones of the canakkale were determined by Folch method. This method is a conventional lipid extraction procedure using the solvent, chloroform: methanol (2:1 v/v). Fatty acid analyses were made by using gas chromatography. Total lipid percentages ranged from 2.02% (dry weight algae: d.w.) in Lemanea fluviatilis to 9.56% (d.w.) in Batrachospermum gelatinosum. Presence of 33 fatty acids was revealed, of which 13 were saturated and 20 were unsaturated. Nine of unsaturated were monounsaturated and eleven of them were polyunsaturated fatty acids. The major fatty acids identified were palmitic (16:0) and oleic acid (C18:1n9). For the ratio unsaturated/ saturated; Lemanea fluviatilis (2.24) has the highest value and then Dictyota implexa (1.78), Cystoseira barbata (1.59), respectively. Phyllophora crispa has the highest total omega-3 (19.28%), omega-6 (16.6%) and Lemanea fluviatilis has the highest omega-9 (66.01%) values in total fatty acids.
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    TOTAL LIPID, FATTY ACIDS AND OTHER BIOCHEMICALS OF TETRACYSTIS ISOBILATERALIS RM BROWN & HC BOLD
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2017) Micoogullari, Cumhur; Akgul, Riza; Akgul, Fusun; Erdugan, Huseyin
    Microalgae are very important organisms because of their biochemical contents. They can be used many areas such as industrial applications, agriculture, human and animal nurtrition etc. When the increasing population is considered, the humanity will need more nutrient. At this point; microalgae help us because they have essential amino acids, fatty acids and the other biochemical molecules that obligatory for human and animal nutrition. In this study; biochemical properties such as total protein amount, total oil amount, types and amounts of fatty acids, vitamin A, E and beta-Carotene amount of Tetracystis isobilateralis R. M. Brown & H. C. Bold were examined by using gas chromatography. Analysis has shown that total protein amount was 38.73%; total oil amount was 16.37%; vitamin E amount was 301.8 mg/kg, vitamin A amount was 28.40 mg/kg and beta-carotene amount was 815.4 mg/kg. Amounts of palmitic, linoleic, oleic, stearic fatty acid types were found to be 40.99%, 6.34%, 35.89% and 16.64% respectively.