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    Effects of Drip Irrigations with Different Irrigation Intervals and Levels on Nutritional Traits of Paddy Cultivars
    (MDPI, 2025) Ciftci, Beyza; Kardes, Yusuf Murat; Varol, Ihsan Serkan; Tas, Ismail; Akcura, Sevim; Coskun, Yalcin; Karaman, Kevser
    Rice serves as the primary food source for the majority of the world's population. In terms of irrigation water, the highest volume of irrigation water is utilized in paddy irrigation. Excessive water use causes both waste of limited water resources and various environmental problems. The drip irrigation method with high water use efficiency will reduce both the need for irrigation water and the environmental footprint of paddy production. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of two different irrigation intervals (2 and 4 days) and four irrigation levels (150%, 125%, 100%, and 75% of evaporation from a Class-A pan) on the nutritional traits of three different paddy cultivars (Ronaldo, Baldo, and Osmanc & imath;k). Increasing irrigation intervals and decreasing irrigation levels reduced the nutritional properties (protein, oil, starch) of the rice grains. In addition, increasing irrigation levels also increased the phytic acid and dietary fiber contents. The highest protein (7.14%) and total starch (87.10%) contents were obtained from the 150% irrigation treatments. The highest amylose content (20.74%) was obtained from the 75% irrigation treatment. In general, it was found that irrigation levels should be applied at 125% and 150% to increase the mineral content of rice grains. Although water deficits decreased the nutritional properties of the paddy cultivars, drip irrigation at an appropriate level did not have any negative effects on nutritional traits.
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    Insecticidal Effect of Some Essential Oils on Larval Survival of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Laboratory Conditions
    (Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2024) Yandayan Genc, Hanife; Saran, Ceren; Akcura, Sevim
    The Mediterranean fruit fly, medfly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a serious pest of many fruits and vegetables. This study was conducted to determine the antifeeding and insecticidal activities of some essential oils extracted from Pelargonium graveolens (Geraniaceae), geranium, and Lavandula intermedia Mill. (Lamiaceae), lavender, Nigella sativa L. (Ranunculaceae) black cumin, and Laurus nobilis L. (Lauraceae), laurel, against second instars of the Medfly on an artificial diet. The essential oils were obtained by Clevenger-type water distillation and a laboratory-reared medfly colony was used in the study. The doses of each tested essential oil were determined by multiplying their specific gravities by applying amounts into the diet and then distributing oil over the diet in a Petri dish having 20 larvae. All experiments were performed under laboratory conditions of 23 +/- 1 degrees C, 50% RH, and 16: 8 (L:D) photoperiods. Probit MsChart was used to estimate the LC50 50 and LC90 90 values of the tested essential oils. GGE Biplot analyses were created with the larval mortality based on the different essential oil doses. As a result, the highest larval mortality was determined with the addition of laurel and black cumin oils into the diet. The highest mortality was detected in black cumin oil at the lowest concentrations. Based on GGE Biplot analyses, the essential oil of black cumin had larvicidal properties. The results provided fundamental information about the insecticidal and antifeeding properties of the medfly in the laboratory. Further studies are needed to integrate sustainable management programs with natural insecticides against the medfly larvae.
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    The Effect of Drip Irrigation and Nitrogen Levels on the Oil and Fatty Acid Composition of Sesame and Its Economic Analysis
    (Mdpi, 2024) Tas, Ismail; Akcura, Sevim; Kaplan, Mahmut; Jagosz, Barbara; Atilgan, Atilgan; Kociecka, Joanna; Rolbiecki, Roman
    One of the oldest oilseed crops is sesame, which is mainly cultivated due to its valuable oleic/linolenic fatty acid ratio. The application of precise irrigation and fertilisation is crucial to ensure the continuity and productivity of sesame production, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. This study aimed to determine the effect of drip irrigation and nitrogen levels on sesame's oil and fatty acid composition. For this purpose, four nitrogen doses (N0: 0 kg ha-1, N30: 30 kg ha-1, N60: 60 kg ha-1 and N90: 90 kg ha-1) and three different irrigation water levels (I50, I75 and I100, which correspond to 50, 75 and 100% evaporation levels from the evaporation of the Class A pan) were applied. The highest oleic acid content (43.06%) was obtained for the I75N90 treatment. In the case of linoleic fatty acid, the greatest value (43.66%) was for I50N0 treatment. The effects of irrigation and nitrogen doses on oleic acid and linoleic acid content were inverse of each other. An increase in applied irrigation water increased the linoleic acid content. However, it caused a decrease in oleic acid content. Increasing the nitrogen dose increased the oleic acid content and caused a decrease in linoleic acid content. Furthermore, this study showed that the I50N60 treatment (50% Epan and a rate of 60 kg N ha-1) is the most effective for achieving high grain and oil yields in sesame cultivation. The results obtained provide practical guidance for farmers in sesame cultivation.