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    Comparison of colorimetric methods for determination of phytic acid content in raw and oil extracted flour samples of maize
    (Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2020) Kahrıman, Fatih; Songur, Umut; Serment, Mehmet; Akbulut, Sule; Egesel, Cem Omer
    There are different colorimetric methods, with various analysis principles and phases, for the estimation of phytic acid content in agricultural products. Maize genotypes may possess a wide range of oil content, which is considered as a factor affecting the results of phytic acid analyses. Elaborative studies are needed to examine these methods to clarify the effect of oil content on the results, especially in the sample sets with varying oil concentrations. We utilized 4 different colorimetric methods; namely, AOAC, Wade, Chen and Haug-Lantzsch (H-L), to estimate phytic acid content in 19 maize genotypes, classified as having high ( > 7 %, n = 7) normal (3-5 %, n = 6) and low ( < 3 %, n = 6) oil content. Phytic acid determination was carried out on 2 groups of flour samples (raw: El, and oil extracted: E2) using 3 replications. The results indicated that analysis methods yielded rather different phytic acid values. They also differed significantly in time and cost, with the Chen method being the cheapest and Haug-Lantzsch (H-L) the quickest. Oil extraction had significant effects on phytic acid results, and these effects varied across the analysis methods and the oil content of the genotypes. Our data suggest that either novel or improved colorimetric methods are necessary when analyzing phytic acid in special maize genotypes, considering the dissimilarity of the results from the current methods.
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    Screening of genetic variability in Turkish maize landraces for protein and starch related traits
    (Maydica-Ist Sper Cerealicoltur, 2020) Kahrıman, Fatih; Akbulut, Sule; Duz, Gamze; Songur, Umut; Egesel, Cem Omer
    Local populations of maize are valuable resources to maintain the genetic variability within the species. Breeding programs in many different countries try to characterize and exploit such germplasm. The objective of this study was to evaluate 192 Turkish maize landraces for their variation in terms of protein ratio, the amino acids that affect the protein quality, starch ratio as well as its fractions. Field experiment was carried out at the Crop Research and Application Unit of CanakkaleOnsekiz Mart University Agricultural Faculty Farm, and used and augmented design with 6 blocks. Each block contained 32 landraces and 7 standard hybrids. Data were collected on protein, lysine, tryptophan, starch, amylose, and amylopectin content. Analysis of variance was run, and genetic calculations were utilized to determine the heritability values. The results suggested that Turkish maize landraces possess a considerable variation for protein and starch traits. The ranges determined for protein, starch, amylose, amylopectin, lysine, and tryptophan were 6.56-16.50%, 56.38-79.63%, 2.09-35.25%, 64.75-97.91%, 0.12-0.93%, and 0.03-0.09%, respectively. The broad sense heritability values for the investigated traits were between 16-53%. Several landraces were detected to be superior to the standard varieties for some traits and considered to be valuable genetic material for the breeding studies to come.