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Öğe Antibody Response to Hepatitis B Vaccination in Isolated Anti-Hbc IgG Positive Cases(Galenos Yayincilik, 2012) Kazak, Esra; Yilmaz, Emel; Mistik, Resit; Akalin, Halis; Akgoz, Semra; Goral, GuherObjective: We aimed to investigate the antibody response secondary to 1 dose of hepatitis B vaccine and factors affecting this response in isolated cases of anti-HBc IgG positive cases. Materials and Methods: Fortyone people who were positive for isolated anti-HBc and negative for other markers of hepatitis B were recruited in the study. The level of anti-HBs was measured at the 10th and 30th day after the administration of hepatitis B vaccine to these 41 people. HBV-DNA was searched with PCR in people who did not developed a secondary antibody response to one dose of vaccination at Day 10 and 30. Results: Anti-HBs was found to be at protective levels (>= 10 IU/mL) in 27 (65.8 %) out of 41 people included in the study. The antibody response developed in 27 people with one dose of vaccination was thought to be a secondary response, and the 14 people who did not form anti-HBs and were found to be negative for HBVDNA by PCR were thought to have false anti-HBc positivity and be inactive HBs Ag carriers (HBs Ag falling below the measurable level in time and presence of antiHBe or preS, S, precor, cor mutant strain infection). There was a highly significant correlation between antibody levels at Day 10 and Day 30 (p< 0.001). In addition, when the antibody levels of people who developed secondary response at Day 10 were investigated, antibody levels of non-smokers were found to be (0-1000 IU/mL; 194.3 +/- 327.2 IU/mL) significantly higher compared to smokers (0-70 IU/mL; 12 +/- 21.8 IU/mL) (p= 0.015). No statistically significant difference was determined between the antibody responses at Day 10 and Day 30 of people with a history of diabetes mellitus (DM), malignity, chronic diseases, alcohol consumption, previous HBsAg positivity and HBV-DNA positivity, anti-HCV positivity, and hepatitis B carriers in the family (p> 0.05). Conclusion: An anamnestic response is suggested in people who give anti-HBs response to one dose of hepatitis B vaccine. However, a false anti-HBc IgG positivity or undetectable levels of HBs Ag should be considered in people who do not give antibody response. According to our results smoking affects the level of antibody response negatively. But we need further studies involving more people.Öğe Association of SARS-CoV-2 cycle threshold (Ct) values with clinical course and serum biomarkers in COVID-19 patients(J Infection Developing Countries, 2022) Saglik, Imran; Ener, Beyza; Akalin, Halis; Ozdemir, Busra; Ocakoglu, Gokhan; Yalcin, Baris; Onal, UgurIntroduction: Our knowledge has gaps regarding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication levels and its association to severity of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of SARS-CoV-2 viral load with disease severity and serum biomarkers in COVID-19 patients. Methodology: Viral load was determined via cycle threshold (Ct) values of SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 214 adult patients. Ct values were compared with clinical severity, biochemical and hematological biomarkers. Results: Clinical course of the disease was mild (49.1%), moderate (40.2%), and severe (10.7%). Median Ct value was 28.2 (IQR: 22.2-33.8) during the first week of the disease. Ct values were lower within five days after symptom onset [lowest Ct value on the third day (median: 24, IQR: 20.6-32.3)], but they increased significantly during the second and third weeks. No association was detected between admission Ct values and disease severity. Gender, age, co-morbidity, and mortality did not differ significantly in patients with low (<= 25) and high (> 25) Ct values. White blood cell, neutrophil, platelet, and especially lymphocyte counts, were significantly lower in patients with low Ct values. Conclusions: No definitive/clear correlation between SARS-CoV-2 viral load and severity and mortality was found in the studied COVID-19 patients. However, neutrophil, platelet, and especially lymphocyte count were significantly lower in patients with a high viral load.Öğe Management of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Consensus Report of the Study Group for Viral Hepatitis of the Turkish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases(Aves, 2014) Aygen, Bilgehan; Keten, Derya; Akalin, Halis; Asan, Ali; Bozdag, Heval; Cagir, Unal; Demirturk, NeseStudy Group for Viral Hepatitis of the Turkish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases convened a meeting to develop a consensus report on management of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, a global public health problem, affecting nearly 170 million people worldwide. Relevant literature and international guidelines were reviewed, and recommendations agreed are presented at the end of each section such as epidemiology and natural history of HCV infection, economic burden of chronic hepatitis C (CHC), diagnosis of acute hepatitis C (AHC) and CHC, treatment of AHC, goals, endpoints, stopping rules and pre-therapeutic assessment of CHC therapy, indications for treatment, treatment of CHC, monitoring and managing treatment safety and side effects, measures to improve treatment adherence, posttreatment follow-up of patients who achieve a sustained virological response, contraindications to therapy, retreatment of non-sustained virological responders, follow-up of untreated patients and of patients with treatment failure, and prevention of HCV infection. Examples of some selected recommendations are as follows: [1] It should be kept in mind that approximately 75-85% of people who become infected will develop chronic HCV infection, up to 20% of them develop cirrhosis within 20 years, and the average annual risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among them is 1-4%. [2] In addition to the HCV RNA quantification, the HCV genotype should be assessed to provide relevant information with respect to treatment duration and different response rates prior to treatment initiation. [3] If predicted response rate is not appropriate to any of the existing regimens, the patient should be kept waited until alternative therapeutic options become available.Öğe Roles of novel IL-1 family (IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38) members in chronic brucellosis(Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, 2020) Hiz, Pinar; Kanbur, Ertan; Demir, Nesrin; Akalin, Halis; Cagan, Eren; Pashazadeh, Mehrdat; Bal, Salih HaldunThe secretion of interleukin (IL)-1 family cytokines is one of the most potent and earliest pro-inflammatory responses triggered by brucellosis. However, the roles of the most recently discovered IL-1 family members, IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38, in the transition into the chronic form of brucellos is remain largely unknown. Therefore, in this study, the roles of IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38 in brucella infections and their effects on the transition from the acute to chronic form of the disease were investigated. Using peripheral blood samples from 40 patients with acute brucellosis, 40 patients with chronic brucellosis, and 40 healthy control subjects, we analysed the serum concentrations of secreted IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38 using ELISA. The findings were confirmed by using RT-qPCR to analyse the mRNA levels of the genes encoding IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 10 randomly selected patients from each of the three groups. Our results showed that serum IL-37 (p < 0.001) and IL-38 (p < 0.001) concentrations were lower in patients with brucellosis than in the healthy controls. In addition, serum IL-37 and IL-38 concentrations were higher in the chronic patient group than in the acute patient group. The mRNA expression levels of IL-37 and IL1F10, genes that encode IL-38, did not affect serum cytokine secretion levels. This result suggests that the high secretion levels of IL-37 and IL-38 may be related to the progression into the chronic form of brucellosis. Our findings will aid in clarifying the mechanism of the transition of brucellosis from the acute to the chronic form of the disease.
