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Öğe Biga Yarımadasındaki yağış ve akım değişimlerinin ve atmosferik salınım indisleri ile bağlantılarının incelenmesi(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2008) Acar, Zahide; Türkeş, MuratBu çalısmanın amacı, Biga Yarımadası ve çevresindeki hava sıcaklıgı, yagıs veakarsu akım dizilerindeki uzun süreli degisiklikleri ve egilimleri belirlemektir.Ayrıca, bu çalısmada, klimatolojik/hidrolojik dizilerdeki yıllararası degisimler veçesitli atmosfer salınımı indisleri arasındaki baglantılar incelenmistir. Mann-Kendallsınaması, ortalama, ortalama maksimum ve minimum sıcaklıkların, sonbahar dısındatüm mevsimlerde genel olarak artmakta oldugunu gösterir. Anlamlı ısınmaegilimleri, ilkbahar ve yaz sıcaklıklarında belirgindir. Kıs yagıslarında 1970'lerdebaslayan ve 1990'larda giderek belirginlesen bir azalma egilimi gözlenir.Kısın, El Niño-Güneyli Salınım (EÑSO) dısında, Kuzey Atlantik Salınımı(NAO), Akdeniz Salınımı (MO) ve Arktik Salınım (AO) indisleri ile ortalama,ortalama maksimum ve minimum sıcaklıkların yıllararası degiskenligi arasında,istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı negatif bir iliski bulunur. lkbaharda ise, EÑSO ve havasıcaklıkları arasında anlamlı pozitif bir iliski görülür. Baglantının en kuvvetli oldugudegisken, minimum sıcaklıktır.Çalısmada, ayrıca, atmosferik uzakbaglantı desenlerinin ortalama, ortalamaminimum, ortalama maksimum ve toplam yagıs verileri üzerindeki etkilerinibelirleyebilmek için kümelerarası iliski analizi uygulandı. Kümelerarası iliskianalizine göre, tüm sıcaklıklar üzerinde en belirleyici olan atmosferik indisler, kısınAO, MO ve NAO'dur. AO daha çok iç bölümde etkili olurken, NAO ve MO kıyıkusagında daha etkilidir. Tüm ilkbahar sıcaklıkları en iyi EÑSO ile açıklanırken,NAO'nun degiskenligi yaz sıcaklıklarındaki yıllararası degisimleri daha iyi açıklar.Tüm sonbahar sıcaklıklarındaki degisimler ise en iyi AO tarafından açıklanır. Yagıstutarları üzerinde en belirleyici etkiye sahip olan atmosferik salınım indisi, kısın AOve NAO'dur. lkbahar yagıslarında AO ve NAO etkili olurken, yaz yagıslarında yereletkiler daha belirleyicidir. Sonbahar yagıslarındaki yıldan yıla degisimleri ise, en iyiNAO ve AO'nun yıldan yıla degiskenligi açıklar.Öğe Climate change effects on abundance and distribution of the European eel in Türkiye(Wiley, 2024) Mestav, Burcu; Ozdilek, Suekran Yalcin; Acar, Zahide; Gokkaya, Kemal; Partal, NurbanuSpatial and temporal distribution of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) during 1967-2020 was used to model European eel distribution in response to climate variability. Modeling integrated predictions from two distinct models for inferences. First, modeling of the relationship between temperature and precipitation and European eel catch values using multiple time-series regression analyses showed that climate variables contributed to eel distribution in T & uuml;rkiye. Eel catch became restricted to western and southern coasts of T & uuml;rkiye and total catch decreased between 1967 and 2020. From 1967 to 2020, favorable climatic conditions for European eels in T & uuml;rkiye were characterized by moderate temperatures. Furthermore, projections for 2050 and 2070 suggested that suitable habitat would be lost in T & uuml;rkiye. Our findings underscore the urgent need for immediate and widespread implementation of effective conservation policies to mitigate threats to European eel in T & uuml;rkiye and globally.Öğe Forest fires in southern Turkey July-August 2021(Revista Climatologia, 2023) Acar, Zahide; Gonencgil, BarbarosExtreme weather events are experienced more frequently across the earth due to the effects of climate change. The high frequency of extreme weather events increases vulnerability in sensitive areas. In the Mediterranean Basin, which is one of the most sensitive areas, many countries have experienced wildfires in recent years. Turkey is one of the countries where forest fires occur frequently in the Mediterranean basin. Although the causes of the fire vary over the years, the problems caused by forest fires draw attention every year. Since 1990, there have been many forest fires across the country and the most areal losses caused by the Fires occurred in 1994, 2000 and 2008. The largest forest fires after these dates occurred in the summer of 2021. The area where Turkey is most sensitive to fire is the Mediterranean climate region. Most of the fires, especially in this area, occur in an unnatural way such as negligence-accident, unsolved and intentional. The control mechanism in the spatial expansion of fires mostly depends on atmospheric conditions. Within the scope of the study, it was aimed to draw attention to the atmospheric conditions during the period of wildfires in many parts of Turkey in the summer of 2021 for various reasons. According to the calculations, the air temperatures before the start of the fire in the provinces of Antalya and Mugla are above the long-term averages of the stations here. In addition, the effects of the heat wave were observed at many stations before the fire.Öğe Interannual Variability of Stormy Day Over Turkey(İstanbul University Press, 2021) Kurtuluş, Yusuf Fırat; Acar, ZahideThe effects of climate variability are seen in many areas of the globe. In addition to the changes experienced in climates for many years, the variability in climate elements due to the effects of climate change in recent years is critical. In this study, spatial and temporal changes of the year to year experienced variability and trends in storm records in Turkey were examined. Also, atmospheric teleconnections that control storm frequency were examined within the scope of the study. According to the results of the study, significant reductions in recent years in the frequency of storm events are being experienced across Turkey. Stormy days show statistically significant upward trends in the interior and eastern half of Turkey. All coastal regions of Turkey, especially the western coasts and terrestrial areas in the eastern parts of the Mediterranean region experienced statistically significant downward trends. In Turkey, the NAO’s activity on the number of stormy days is quite evident in winter. NCP and frequency of storms is characterized by significant positive correlations in eastern Turkey. When evaluating the relationships between Turkey’s storm frequency and Atmospheric oscillations, one can say that NAO and AO are atmospheric oscillation indices that best explain storm frequency across the country.Öğe Investigation of extreme precipitation indices in Turkey(Springer Wien, 2022) Acar, Zahide; Gonencgil, BarbarosThis paper focuses on spatiotemporal characteristics of precipitation indices of Turkey's precipitation data for the periods 1966-2014. Seven precipitation indices include the number of extremely wet days, very wet days, heavy precipitation days (10 mm and 20 mm), simple daily intensity days, and consecutive dry and wet days. The indices are based on homogenized precipitation data. Besides, long-term changes and trends in the time series of precipitation indices in terms of climatic variability were investigated using nonparametric time series analysis methods. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Extremely wet and very wet day indices include significant decreasing trends in most stations. The trend is statistically significant at some stations in the Mediterranean region and southeastern Anatolia region. The number of heavy precipitation day indices tend to decrease in most of the stations in the Mediterranean precipitation zone, throughout Turkey. Simple daily intensity index generally displays an increasing trend. Consecutive dry days include an overall upward trend throughout Turkey. The inner and in the west of southeastern Anatolia regions have displayed a statistically significant increasing trend. Consecutive humid days tend to decrease overall outside of Turkey's internal parts. The study also examined the relationships between atmospheric oscillation indices and precipitation indices. Accordingly, the atmospheric oscillation index that has the most decisive effect on the Turkish precipitation indices is NAO.Öğe Long-Term Changes in Hot and Cold Extremes in Turkey(Istanbul Univ, Fac Letters, Dept Geography, 2018) Acar, Zahide; Gonencgil, Barbaros; Korucu Gumusoglu, NebileExtreme weathers are the leading cause of weather-related disasters all over the world. Many people lose their lives each year due to the triggering effect of cold or hot weather. The extreme days are generally defined as a period of several days of abnormally cold or hot weather. Increased frequency of these days could lead to death and disasters. This study analyzes the variability of minimum and maximum temperature defined anomalous temperature events. Daily minimum and maximum air temperature data from 156 weather stations in Turkey are analyzed to determine percentile threshold values (99th, 95th and 1st, 5th) at each station. Two statistical tests are applied to analyze trend in extreme values, namely Mann-Kendall trend analysis and cluster analysis. The Mann-.Kendall analysis demonstrates an increase in frequency of hot and extremely hot days, whereas cold and extremely cold days show a decreasing trend in Turkey. The extreme cold days have been the highest of the year 1972, 1983, 1992 and 1993, respectively. After 2005, extreme cold days begin to decrease. The frequency of extreme hot day has increased since 2000. Especially in 2010, it has been the warmest year in Turkey from the records of the stations during the study period.Öğe Precipitation Extremes and Trends in Aegean Region(Istanbul Univ Press, Istanbul Univ Rectorate, 2019) Zimba, Irmak; Acar, ZahidePrecipitation extremes include differences from the long-term average. Extreme rainfall includes rainy events below and above the average. In this study, frequency of dry and heavy rainy periods, which are different from the average, were evaluated. Extreme precipitation events and variability in precipitation, meteorological and climatic disasters such as heavy rains and floods are the most important atmospheric disasters that affect human life. According to recent studies and various projections, the Mediterranean basin is one of the areas most affected by climate change. The scope of this study, Aegean Region, which is one of Turkey's geographical regions. Precipitation extremes in Aegean region were investigated. The region covering the western part of Turkey is located in 8 provinces. 35 station data were used to represent the geography of the region. The basic statistics of the data were defined within the scope of the study. Kruskal-Wallis (K-W) test was used to determine whether there were any significant changes in precipitation data. Mann-Kendall (M-K) rank correlation coefficient method was used to understand the nature and magnitude of the variability in the data. The aim of this study is to understand the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of precipitation in the Aegean Region, to determine extreme precipitation events and to investigate the causes. According to the evaluations, the 1980s were the years in which statistically significant increases were observed in precipitation extremes throughout the Aegean Region. Declining trends are generally in 1990 and beyond. The period of 1980-1995 corresponds to the years in which significant droughts were experienced consecutively throughout the stations. In the 1996-2005 period, a weak upward trend was observed in precipitation. In general, the similarities in the temporal distribution of precipitation increases and decreases and extreme precipitation events are noteworthy in the study area. General tendency of precipitation is decreasing and regionally consistent.Öğe Seasonality of storm frequency in Turkiye(Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, 2023) Acar, ZahideContinental windstorms are quite common in Turkiye, as well as in the Mediterranean basin. These storms have high frequency during hot and cold periods and transitional seasons. Turkiye is vulnerable to storms that are most effective in winter. When the distribution of the average number of stormy days during the year in Turkiye is analyzed by season, the season with the highest number of storms during the year is winter with a rate of 37%. The remaining seasons are spring (29%), fall (18%), and summer (16%). In the seasonal distribution of the storms that occur during the year, the winter season, which has the highest rate of occurrence, has an average of 4.9 days of storms. The spring and the autumn seasons have 3.8 and 2.4 stormy days, respectively. Storms have a high frequency during the cold season from October to May. Storms cause storm surges, floods, flash floods and roof blow-off disasters in the coastal zone of Turkiye, causing loss of life and property in the cold seasons.Öğe SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF THE STORMY DAY IN TURKEY(Istanbul Univ Press, Istanbul Univ Rectorate, 2019) Kurtulus, Yusuf Firat; Acar, ZahideIn general, in climatology and meteorology, wind anywhere in the world at any moment of the day for at least ten minutes and longer than 17.2-20.7 m / s and faster than 20.8-24.4 m / s windy weather conditions are described as storms. Such days are recorded as stormy days. Storms bring about severe weather events. These; usually occurs as rain, slush, snow or hail events. In addition, thunder and lightning accompany the storm. These evolving events cause many effects in many sectors ranging from disruptions to loss of life and property. Such effects emphasize the importance of the study. The main purpose of this study identify the spatial distribution of the number of stormy days in Turkey, is to determine the temporal variability. Turkey has been used for this purpose, the daily wind data of 207 meteorological stations across. Stormy days were determined from daily wind data and monthly stormy days of each station were calculated. Kendalls Tau (Kendalls Tau Rank Correlation Coefficient) method was used to determine temporal variability in stormy days. IDW to see the results of distribution in Turkey (inverse weighted distance) method was applied. In the spatial distribution of the number of stormy days Canakkale, Zonguldak, Bartin, Sinop, Mersin, Elazig provinces and the average number of stormy days between 21-42 days by taking values from other regions were found to be higher than the storm frequency. According to the temporal variability statistically significant downward trend in Turkey's general trend, especially as coastal belt is dominant in the Aegean region. particularly in the area of the interior of Turkey it was determined to be statistically significant upward trend in the eastern part.Öğe Synoptic analysis of the January 2004 snowstorm: Example of canakkale(Selcuk Univ Press, 2023) Essiz, Mahmut; Acar, ZahideMany natural disasters have occurred on the Earth we live in. Humans have always been in a struggle with these natural phenomena. Today, people are still struggling with atmospheric extreme events. One of the most important disasters like this is snowstorms that occur suddenly in winter. Especially countries in the middle belt (30-60 latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere) are constantly affected by snowstorms. Turkey, located in the Middle Belt, is also exposed to these storms during the winter season. From this perspective, the analysis of synoptic conditions and weather forecast is an important factor for risk analysis and take precautions for winter storms. Thus, the predictions made with the tracking of air masses and synoptic analysis make it easier to understand how the storm occurred. For this purpose, synoptic analyses were conducted to understand the development of the snowstorm that occurred in the high atmosphere in canakkale on January 20-30, 2004. This study examined how weather conditions change. Radiosonde data, surface maps, and daily bulletins provided from the Turkish State Meteorological Service were used in the study. Archival data were used to track air mass orbits using the Hysplit trajectory method. Stability and instability assessments of air masses were evaluated using the data from radiosonde stations using the K Index. Spatial analysis software was used to analyze the data and show the thematic distribution of topography. According to the findings, during the passage of a cold front of air masses coming from the north to canakkale on January 22, gusty winds began, suddenly dropped the temperatures, and began heavy snow events. Later, it turned into a blizzard and formed a type of snow.Öğe The Effect of Atlantic and Monsoon Variability on a Neolithic site in Upper Mesopotamia(Revista Climatologia, 2023) Acar, Zahide; Sarialtun, SavasIn this study, stable isotope analyses of calcium carbonate soil samples detected in Neolithic fillings at Sumaki Hoyu center dot k were performed to determine the causality of climate variability. Approximately 2000-year cycles have been 9000-8000, 6000-5000, 4200-3800, 3500-2500, 1200-1000, and 600-150 years BP, with a current total of six occurrences which are called Rapid Climate Change (RCC). Additionally, since the beginning of the early Holocene, at least eleven similar events with much more effective and rapid climatic changes, such as the 10.2, 9.2, and 8.2 ka events, have been defined. The most discussed climate change event in the Holocene occurred 8200 years ago, known as the 8.2 ka event. There are variations in dating among many studies concerning the 8.2 ka event. While numerous studies have focused on the impact of the 8.2 ka event on Neolithic cultural changes, collapse, and migration phenomena, the potential impact of the 9.2 ka event on culture has been rarely explored. The focus is on determining the global and local events of the climatic changes in Northern Mesopotamia in the period between 9.2 and 8.2 ka. The global climate data were analysed separately with data from various areas and in each phase, the scale representing the Neolithic period at Sumaki Hoyu center dot k and macro-micro factors were discussed. It was therefore attempted to interpret the presence or effects of the Monsoon and Atlantic interactions on Neolithic climatic anomalies of the Sumaki Hoyu center dot k settlement. As a result, the causality of the settlement and its abandonment, along with changes in the settlement strategy, were interpreted.Öğe Turkey: Clımate Variability, Extreme Temperature, and Precipitation(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Gönençgil, Barbaros; Acar, ZahideClimate variability and climate change have significant impacts in many areas of the world with different effects. It is generally accepted that changing climate variability and consequently changes in the intensity and frequency of extreme climatic events may have strong effects on sensitive areas. The east of the Mediterranean Basin in Turkey is one area where significant effects of climate variability may be experienced. Increases in extreme hot weather events and weak but distinct decreasing tendencies in extreme cold weather events are worth noting. Therefore, the increase in temperature, which has been rising since the early 2000s, is also combined with decreases in very cold days. In addition, the decreasing tendencies in total precipitation are accepted in many weather stations as important signals of long-term drought. The increasing trend of consecutive dry days and the decreasing trend of consecutive wet days can be considered as an indication that severe precipitation events will be more pronounced in annual total precipitation.Öğe Variations in Türkiye's sea surface temperatures(Royal Danish Geographical Soc, 2024) Yilmaz, Erkan; Acar, ZahideIn the world, there is a general increase in sea surface temperatures with higher values reaching in enclosed seas. T & uuml;rkiye is surrounded by these enclosed seas, and sea surface temperatures have been measured since the 1940s. Since most of the stations contained missing data, only 23 stations were used in the study. First of all, the distribution of sea surface temperatures was determined, and then annual and monthly trends were revealed using Mann-Kendall series correlation analysis and Sen slope value. As a result of the study, it was seen that the annual average sea surface temperatures in Fethiye, Ordu, Finike, & Ccedil;anakkale, Ku & scedil;adas & imath;, Sinop, Konak and Sar & imath;yer stations have a significant increase trend. Monthly trends show different patterns depending on the seas, with increases in the Mediterranean during the beginning of summer, in the Aegean and Marmara seas during the winter, and in the Black Sea coast during the summer. The analysis shows that the rate of increase in the Mediterranean is 0.67 degrees C/decade and 2 degrees C/decade in the Aegean and Marmara seas and the Black Sea coast. In the Black Sea, the increase in the average maximum sea surface temperature in June at Giresun station is 4 degrees C/decade.Öğe Wastewater management and its sustainable use in Turkey(Springer, 2007) Tuerkes, Murat; Acar, ZahideMankind has utilized water sources and wetlands since their earlier times. As rnankind's dependency on water increased, water became a strategic commodity. The process of industrialization has increased the human pressure on the resources, and consumption has become unsustainable. The usable freshwater resources in the world have been significantly declining. The available potential of freshwater resources on the planet Earth is decreasing very rapidly as a direct consequence of unnatural processes including human-induced climate change and globalization as-well-as the lack of proper management strategies. The climate change is likely to create significant droughts in many parts of the World.
