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    Association between pediatric obesity and foot morphology: insights from a large-scale cross-sectional study using photogrammetry
    (Bmc, 2025) Buyukcelebi, Hakan; Acak, Mahmut; Eken, Ozgur; Doganer, Adem; Ozen, Gokmen; Ardigo, Luca Paolo
    Background Childhood obesity is a critical public health concern with implications for musculoskeletal development. Foot posture abnormalities-particularly pes planus-may be associated with obesity and could serve as early diagnostic indicators. Aim This study investigated the relationship between foot posture and obesity in children aged 4-14 years using non-invasive assessment methods. Materials and methods A total of 7,908 children (mean age: 8.7 +/- 2.9 years; 51.2% male) were assessed using photogrammetry and the Staheli Arch Index, along with the Jack Test to classify foot posture. BMI categories and foot posture types were statistically compared. Results Rigid pes planus was found in 9.6% of children, flexible pes planus in 7.8%, and high arch in 3.8%. Among overweight and obese children, the prevalence of rigid pes planus was significantly higher (p < 0.001). Logistic regression revealed that rigid pes planus increased the risk of obesity by 7.2 times (OR = 7.156; 95% CI: 5.179-9.887). Conclusion Rigid pes planus is strongly associated with obesity in children. Foot posture screening, especially in early childhood, may serve as a valuable tool for identifying children at risk for obesity-related complications and guiding early preventive interventions.
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    Morphological and Postural Characteristics of MarathonRunners: A Large-Scale Field Study from the Gallipoli Marathon
    (Soc Chilena Anatomia, 2025) Sanal, Alperen; Acak, Mahmut; Yalcin, Ebru; Acar, Kaan Baris
    This study was conducted to examine the morphological characteristics of marathon athletes according to foot biomechanics, age group and regular exercise status. Runners who participated in the Gallipoli Marathon organized in 2024includedwere in the study. In this context, 571 (300 male, 271 female) marathon runners aged 18 and over participated in the study.Aresearchmixed design was used in the study. In this context, morphological measurements and foot posture of the runners were analyzed.5SPSS 2 program was used for data analysis. The normality test of the data was performed with Skewness-Kurtosis values. In the findings,research no significant difference was found in morphological characteristics according to foot posture status (p>0.05). Significantdiferenceswere found in body mass index (BMI), fat percentage (Fat%), fat mass (Fat Mass), fat free mass (FFM), total body mass (TBM), ArchStaheli Index (p<0.05), while no significant difference was found in basal metabolic rate (BMR) (p>0.05). According to age groups, significant differences were found in BMI, Fat%, Fat Mass, FFM, CPC, Staheli Arch Index (p<0.05), while no difference was found in basal metabolic rate (p>0.05). As a result of the research, it was seen that regular exercise and age group were effective in the morphologicalcharacteristics of marathon runners, but flat feet were not effective.