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    Grafting of perylene and naphthalene fluorophores onto chitosan for improved thermal, optical and electrical properties
    (Polymer Society of Korea, 2024) Temurlu, Selin; Abureesh, Mosab A. A.; Abourajab, Arwa; Karşılı, Pelin; Dinleyici, Meltem; Altınışık, Sinem; Koyuncu, Sermet
    The grafting of N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic-3,4-anhydride-9,10-imide (4) and N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic-1,8-anhydride-4,5-imide (8) onto low-molecular-weight chitosan (5) was performed. The fluorescence, stability, electroactivity, conductivity, and solubility properties of the grafted chitosan polymer 9 were highly enhanced compared to the original chitosan. The weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 19,800 g/mol was obtained. Grafted chitosan has even more excellent thermal stability with a higher initial decomposition temperature of 285 degrees C and char yield at 900 degrees C up to 73%. The fluorescence quantum yield efficiencies for polymer 9 are very high in all studied solvents (70% in CH3CN). The polymer showed five stepwise, fast, reversible one-electron reductions in electrochemical investigations due to the conductive fluorophores 4 and 8. The HOMO/LUMO levels were calculated as - 5.56 and - 4.14 eV, corresponding to the low band gap of 1.42 eV. The spectroelectrochemistry investigations confirmed the nature of the electron transfers. The morphological characterization using AFM, SEM, and TEM methods indicated a highly crystalline character of the grafted chitosan. The modified chitosan has the potential to be applied in various organic photonics and as a significant substrate material.