Yazar "Abdulmajed, Mohamed Ismat" seçeneğine göre listele

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    Is PSA Still the Best Marker in Diagnosis and Monitoring of Prostate Cancer?
    (Modestum Ltd, 2015) Akbas, Alpaslan; Abdulmajed, Mohamed Ismat; Gulpinar, Murat Tolga; Sancak, Eyup Burak
    Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in males. At an early stage, prostate cancer barely causes any symptoms. The presence of symptoms upon presentation usually implies the presence of locally-advanced or metastatic disease. Therefore, early detection of prostate cancer is a necessity. Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) test and Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) are used for early detection by the urologist. However serum PSA level is not only affected by the tumours but also other factors. The limitations of serum PSA test led to the introduction and application of various PSA derivatives to improve test sensitivity and specificity. In this review article, we provide a literature review and analysis of the currently available PSA test and its derivatives compared to new and developing potential tumour markers for detection and monitoring of prostate cancer.
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    The accuracy of urinary ultrasound in the diagnosis of urinary stone disease in patients with acute flank pain: is it influenced by the time of ultrasound performance during the day or week?
    (Springer Wien, 2015) Resorlu, Mustafa; Abdulmajed, Mohamed Ismat; Resorlu, Eylem Burcu; Ates, Can; Uysal, Fatma; Adam, Gurhan; Aylanc, Nilufer
    The aim of this article is to investigate the possible impact of timing of ultrasound (US) during the day or week on its diagnostic accuracy. We analyzed the records of 500 patients who underwent an initial urinary US, followed by a noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) for the assessment of urinary stone disease. The sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values, negative and positive likelihood ratio, and overall diagnostic accuracy rates of US and were analyzed at different times of the day or week. The specificity and diagnostic accuracy of urinary US showed a decline toward the middle of the week followed by a steady rise by the end of the week, higher sensitivity for urinary US was noticed around mid-week. On the other hand, when urinary US results are subgrouped according to the time of the day they are performed, the specificity remained generally stable but the sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy showed lowest levels between 11:00 a.m. and 02:00 p.m. and between 04:00 p.m. and 05:00 p.m. Although some observational differences between sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of urinary US performed at different times of the day or week are seen, these differences were not statistically significant. Our study showed no significant influence of US timing on its diagnostic accuracy. A larger randomized prospective series is necessary to evaluate the impact of different factors on precision and accuracy in US reporting and, hence, the diagnostic accuracy of urinary US in identifying urinary stone disease.
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    What are the currently available and in development molecular markers for bladder cancer? Will they prove to be useful in the future?
    (Aves, 2014) Abdulmajed, Mohamed Ismat; Sancak, Eyup Burak; Resorlu, Berkan; Al-Chalaby, Gydhia Zuhair
    Urothelial carcinoma is the 9th most common cancer worldwide. Most urothelial tumors are non-muscle invasive on presentation. However, two-thirds of non-invasive bladder cancers will eventually recur with a 25% risk of progression to muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Tumor stage, histological grade and pathological invasion of blood vessels and lymphatic tissue are the main indicators for urothelial cancer prognosis. The gold standard for diagnosing bladder cancer is conventional white-light cystoscopy and biopsy. Urine cytology is a highly specific, sensitive test for high-grade tumors or carcinoma in situ (CIS). Urinary NMP22 has an overall sensitivity and specificity for detecting bladder cancer of 49% and 87%, respectively. However, there are false-positive results in the presence of urinary tract infection or hematuria. The detection of specific gene mutations related to urothelial cancers has been studied and employed to reproduce markers helpful for diagnosis. According to current studies, molecular markers can be used to predict tumor recurrence. From a prognostic point of view, new molecular markers have yet to be established as reliable indicators of tumor aggressiveness. We aimed to review the molecular markers with possible prognostic significance that have been discussed in the literature. This review examined the literature for various molecular markers under development for bladder cancer in an attempt to optimize patient care and reduce the costs of treating these patients.