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    Bazı Vasküler Bitkilerin Yaprak Damar Ağının Karşılaştırılması
    (2021) Akbulut, Mustafa Kemal; Şenel, Gülcan; Şeker, Şenay Süngü
    Bu çalışmada 14 bitki türüne ait ve farklı morfolojik özellikleri olanyaprakların damar anatomileri karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Bitkilere aitörnekler Samsun ilinin çeşitli lokalitelerinden toplanmıştır. Örneklerden alınantaze yapraklar kurutularak stoklanmıştır. Stok yapraklara saydamlaştırma veboyama işlemi uygulanarak damar yapıları analiz edilmiştir. Taksonlarınyapraklarında toplam yaprak çevresi ve alanı, damar ve boğum sayısı, toplamdamar uzunluğu, toplam damar alanı, ortalama damar uzunluğu, ortalama damargenişliği, ortalama damar 2D, 3D yüzey alanları ve ortalama damar hacmi gibikarakterler açısından önemli farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgularagöre damarlanmanın morfometrik özellikleri saydamlaştırma ve boyamaaşamaları dikkatli uygulandığında sistematik, fizyoloji ve ekoloji gibi birçok alandayapılacak araştırmalara katkı sağlayacak güvenilir karakterler sunabilir.
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    Comparative vascular anatomies of some orchid species
    (2021) Şeker, Şenay Süngü; Şenel, Gülcan; Akbulut, Mustafa Kemal
    In this study, we examined the vascular anatomy of leaves with different morphological features of 11 orchid species. Plant samples were collected from various localities in the Black Sea Region. Fresh leaves were dried and stocked, and their vascular structures were analyzed by clearing and staining. Significant differences were determined in the leaves of taxa in terms of characters such as total leaf perimeter and area, number of veins and nodes, total vein length, total vein area, average vein length, average vein width, average vein surface area, average vein volume, and average areolar area. According to the findings, the topological and morphometric features of the veining can reflect the systematic and phylogenetic relationships of orchids.
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    Monotipik Steveniella satyrioides türünün anatomik morfolojik ve mikromorfolojik özellikleri
    (Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi, 2019) Akbulut, Mustafa Kemal; Şeker, Şenay Süngü; Şenel, Gülcan
    Çalışmamızda angiospermlerin en büyük iki familyasından birisi olan Orchidaceae familyasına ait Türkiye’de yayılış gösteren Steveniella satyrioides (Stev.) Schltr. türü morfolojik, anatomik ve mikromorfolojik yönden incelenmiştir. S. satyrioides monotipik bir türdür ve çiçek yapısı Orchis cinsine ait türler ile benzerlik göstermektedir. Anatomik incelemelerde türün kök, gövde ve yaprağından mikrotomla kesitler alınmıştır. Morfolojik incelemeler için arazide gözlemler yapılmış ve toplanan örnekler üzerinde ölçümler yapılmıştır. Mikromorfolojik incelemelerde herbaryum örnekleri kullanılarak elektron mikroskop (SEM) çekimleri yapılmıştır. Kökte ksilem kolları, kristal ve nişasta varlığı, gövdede öz boşluğu, iletim demet şekli ve yaprakta stoma tipi gibi özellikler belirlenmiştir.  Bitki boyu, yaprak sayısı, çiçeklenme durumu ve yumru sayısı gibi genel morfolojik özellikler tespit edilmiştir. Mikromorfolojik incelemeler yaprak yüzey süslemeleri açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmamız sonucunda S. satyrioides türüne ait tüm anatomik, morfolojik ve mikromorfolojik özellikler detaylı bir şekilde ortaya konulmuştur. 
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    Öğe
    Pericarp anatomy and surface micromorphology of some orchids in the Black Sea Region
    (2020) Şeker, Şenay Süngü; Akbulut, Mustafa Kemal; Şenel, Gülcan
    In this study, we have investigated the anatomy and ultrastructure of the pericarp to determine important characters ofthe fruits belonging to some Turkish orchidoid species, and to determine which features are related to ecological or habitatpreferences. For the purpose, the samples belonging to 19 orchid taxon were collected in the Black Sea Region. SEM and lightmicroscopy photographs were taken with the standard techniques. Variations among taxa were evaluated using variousstatistical methods such as correlation and discrimination analysis. Among the investigated characteristics, fruit surfaceornamentation is related to habitat preferences of the species while morphometric properties of epidermal cells and structuralfeatures such as the type of crystal inclusions are important characters at the genus level.
  • Küçük Resim
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    Seed morphometry and ultrastructure studies on some Turkish orchids (Orchidaceae)
    (John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2021) Süngü Şeker, Şenay; Akbulut, Mustafa Kemal; Şenel, Gülcan
    Orchid seeds have great morphological variations that imply the phylogenetic relationship of the species depending on the biodiversity of the family or act as an adaptation to seed dispersal mechanisms depending on the life form. This study aims to both describe and analyse the qualitative and quantitative traits of 12 Turkish orchids representing epidendroids and orchidoids in detail to investigate which properties are diagnostic among these taxa and also reveal if seed properties are differentiated in relationship to the ecological preferences of the studied species. Both qualitative and quantitative features were determined, and measurements were obtained using light and scanning electron microscopy. We applied the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis and canonical discriminant analysis to the qualitative and quantitative traits. Furthermore, we analyzed the same orchid seed in correlation with ecological traits such as habitats and the elevation preferences of species. This study confirmed the usefulness of both data sets for effectively assessing the variation of orchid seeds. Although the seed characters such as the cell shape differences in the chalazal or medial region, seed sizes, cell numbers on the longitudinal axis, and periclinal wall ornamentation are taxonomically conserved, some other characteristics such as seed shape, the absence of periclinal wall ornamentation, and larger embryo size imply ecological adaptation or developmental achievement for germination. This study confirms the diagnostic value of both qualitative and quantitative seed features, which are effective in explaining the orchid seed variety.
  • Küçük Resim
    Öğe
    Suitable habitat modelling using GIS for orchids in the Black Sea Region (North of Turkey)
    (Springer, 2021) Akbulut, Mustafa Kemal; Süngü Şeker, Şenay; Everest, Timuçin; Şenel, Gülcan
    Orchids are under continuous threat from many factors, especially human-sourced. Estimating the emerging threat factors linked to habitat losses is very important to understand the effects on biodiversity and to design protection strategies and protected areas. Field assessments and modelling were performed with the aim of determining areas where orchids may spread and to reveal priority areas to create a protection plan. Additionally, the aim was to contribute to development of protection strategies for taxa under threat. This study was performed in the Black Sea region located in the north of Turkey. A total of 40 taxa belonging to 15 Orchidaceae genera were collected. The field assessment process used topographic parameters and threat factors. Habitats where orchids are most commonly distributed comprise open areas, meadows, pastures, and forests. Additionally, the density of orchids was determined to be highest at altitudes from 400 to 1600 m. The highest risk factors for taxa in the region include grazing and trampling. Based on these results, suitable habitats were modelled and mapped according to the observed habitat requirements. The determined suitable habitats will represent the preliminary targets for ex situ protection programs where required. The maps revealed here are important for labeling areas with an estimated orchid density and for protection of these areas if necessary. Our field observations were compatible with the obtained maps. Additionally, we consider these maps to be very important in terms of determining areas where taxa will be spread in preliminary field studies.