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    CTLA4+rs231775 gene polymorphism increases PCOS, regardless of the levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in the serum
    (Bayrakol Medical Publishing, 2023) Beyazıt, Fatma; Çiçekliyurt, Meliha Merve; Türkon, Hakan; Ünsal, Mesut Abdülkerim; Pek, Eren
    Aim: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a long-standing inflammation-related disease with increased levels of circulating pro-inflammatory markers. By affecting inflammatory cytokine production, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA-4) polymorphism can alter the immune system and trigger distinct disease states. The aim of the study was to investigate if CTLA4 polymorphism is associated with PCOS, and if so, (2) whether this situation influences serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and TNF-alpha in PCOS. Material and Methods: CTLA4+rs231775 gene polymorphism with IL-6 and TNF-a levels were determined in 92 PCOS women and 88 healthy controls. Study groups were further subdivided according to body mass index (BMI) and the degree of insulin resistance (IR), and comparisons were made within each study group. Results: The prevalence of the A allele of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs231775 was more frequent in PCOS women compared with healthy controls [OR: 1.99, 95% CI:1.273-3.107, p =0.0023]. The heterozygous genotype was also shown to be strongly associated with PCOS development [OR: 3.041, 95%CI:1.604-5.766, p=0.0005]. Although TNF-a levels of PCOS patients were detected to be elevated, no difference was found in the study groups with respect to serum IL-6 levels. In addition, no association was observed between CTLA4+rs231775 polymorphism and serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Discussion: The present study demonstrates for the first time that CTLA4+rs231775 gene polymorphism increases susceptibility to PCOS 2 times more in the case of A allele carriage and 3 times more in heterozygous individuals, independent from the long-standing low-grade inflammatory disease state encountered in patients with PCOS.
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    Quality of Life in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy in Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
    (Galenos Publ House, 2023) Beyazıt, Fatma; Çakır Güngör, Ayşenur; Beyazıt, Yavuz; Ünsal, Mesut Abdülkerim
    BACKGROUND/AIMS: Health-related quality of life (QoL) relating to mental, physical and social functioning in pregnant women with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) may depend on several factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of GERD on the QoL in the advanced stages of pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 53 pregnant women suffering from GERD (group 1) and 54 age, body mass index (BMI) and gestational age-matched pregnant controls (group 2) were enrolled. The Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) was completed to measure of health-related QoL, and the Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire was used to assess the classical symptoms of reflux disease. Socio-demographic variables including age, gravidity, parity, BMI and previous history of GERD were noted. RESULTS: SF-36 scores were found to be significantly lower in the pregnant women with GERD in regard to the following domains: their general health (p<0.01), mental health (p<0.01), and their mental component score (p=0.01). Educational status and GERD symptoms before pregnancy were not found to have an impact on QoL in pregnant women with GERD. CONCLUSION: Pregnant women with GERD seem to have a poorer QoL in many respects.