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    Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Abies nordmanniana subsp. equi-trojani (Aschers. & Sint. ex Boiss) Extracts
    (Sinop Üniversitesi, 2024) Özcan Ateş, Gülçin; Bican Süerdem, Tülay
    In this study, the antibacterial and antifungal activity of Abies nordmanniana subsp. equi-trojani cone spangles, which are endemic and endangered and grow in Çanakkale Ida Mountains, was investigated by agar well diffusion and microplate methods. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of distilled water, ethanol, methanol and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) extracts of cone spangles was evaluated against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and yeasts. As a result, it was determined that the DMSO extract had antibacterial and antifungal activity against the tested microorganisms, while the extract prepared with distilled water had no activity. The antimicrobial activity of the methanol and ethanol extracts varied depending on the microorganism type. When the results of this study were compared with the positive control (penicillin G and fluconazole), it was determined that the extracts were not as effective as the antibiotic and antifungal disc. As a result, it is important to use alternative products that are abundant in nature instead of products derived from endangered species.
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    Biodiversity of ochratoxigenic Aspergillus species isolated from çavuş and karalahna grapes in Bozcaada, Türkiye
    (2024) Özcan Ateş, Gülçin; Zorba, Nükhet Nilüfer; Şen, Burhan
    This study reported the presence and OTA production of ochratoxigenic Aspergillus species isolated from Bozcaada Çavuş and Karalahna grapes. The study was conducted with Aspergillus isolates isolated from grape samples collected during ripening in 2015 and 2016. Thin-layer chromatography was used to determine the secondary metabolite profiles of 290 Aspergillus isolates. Out of these, 122 isolates were found to be possible OTA producers. 43 isolates, selected based on their colony morphology of 122 isolates in different culture media, were identified using calmodulin gene sequencing analysis. The identified isolates were determined to be A. tubingensis, A. carbonarius, A. niger/welwitschia/awamori, A. welwitschia, A. spelaeus, and A. fructus. OTA production was investigated in six isolates. Using HPLC-FLD, these isolates were found to produce OTA in quantities ranging from 3.550 ± 0.240 to 92.346 ± 0.818 ppb. Consequently, OTA-producing Aspergillus species were isolated from grapes. The presence of A. spelaeus and A. fructus was reported for the first time in grapes. A. fructus has been found to be a new record for Türkiye.
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    Evaluation of In-vitro Anticandidal Activity of 99 Different Commercial Plant Extract, Fixed and Essential Oils against Vaginal Candida albicans Isolates
    (Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, 2023) Özcan Ateş, Gülçin; Kanbur, Savaş
    Plant extracts (PE), fixed oils (FO) and essential oils (EO) are used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases. This study evaluated the anticandidal activity of 100 different commercially available PEs, FOs, and EOs against 19 Candida albicans vaginal isolates and C. albicans ATCC 10231. It was determined that 20 EOs and FOs had anticandidal activity. Piper nigrum FO, pine turpentine EO, pine tar EO, and Eugenia caryophyllata EO showed the highest anticandidal activity. The minimum inhibitory concentrations ( MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFC) values of these FO and EOs were between 0.125 and 2 mu L mL(-1). The volatile components of these FOs and EOs were determined by GC-MS analysis. There were six components in E. caryophyllata EO, 38 in Pine turpentine EO, 39 in P. nigrum FO, and 119 in Pine tar EO. In conclusion, this FOs and EOs can be used to treat vulvovaginal candidiasis.
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    In vitro Antifungal Activity of Mentha piperita and Thymus vulgaris Essential Oils against Ochratoxigenic Aspergillus carbonarius Isolated from Bozcaada Çavuş Grape
    (Yuzuncu Yil University, 2024) Özcan Ateş, Gülçin
    In this study, the antifungal properties of Mentha piperita and Thymus vulgaris essential oils against an isolate of ochratoxin A producer, Aspergillus carbonarius, isolated from Bozcaada Çavuş grape, were evaluated in three steps. By GC-MS of M. piperita and T. vulgaris essential oils, the main components were determined to be menthol (39.911%) and carvacrol (49.042%). Antifungal activity was first evaluated by the agar well diffusion method, and it was determined that the tested essential oils completely inhibited the growth of A. carbonarius and were as effective as fluconazole antifungal. In the second step, the MIC and MFC values of the tested essential oils were determined; both values were 1 µL mL-1. Finally, it was determined that M. piperita and T. vulgaris essential oils completely inhibited the radial growth of A. carbonarius at the MIC value. These results show that M. piperita and T. vulgaris essential oils may be a good strategy to control ochratoxigenic A. carbonarius contamination.
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    Morphological and Molecular Identification of Sepultariella semi-immersa : New Locality Record for Türkiye
    (Selcuk University, 2024) Acar, İsmail; Karabıyık, Halide; Özcan Ateş, Gülçin
    Sepultariella semi-immersa (Pyronemataceae, Ascomycota) was identified in a new locality for macrofungal diversity in Türkiye from Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Terzioğlu Campus. S. semi-immersa, which constitutes a species comlex, is included in the Sepultariella clade. This study gives a detailed description of the species, geographical coordinates, photographs taken in its natural habitat, and its phylogenetic position in the genus Sepultariella based on molecular data. The Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequence determined the evolutionary and phylogenetic relationship within the genus but S. semi-immersa, which might constitute a species complex.
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    Oral Yeast Load and Species of Young Individuals Aged 18-25
    (Instituto de Tecnologia do Parana, 2023) Özcan Ateş, Gülçin; Otkun, Müşerref
    Microbiota is considered an organ that affects the health of the human body and includes many microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast, mold, viruses, protozoa, and archaea. Microorganism such as Candida sp., a part of the microbiota, is known to cause diseases in the case of opportunistic pathogens under various conditions. Yeast loads and species in the oral mycobiota of young individuals aged 18-25 were determined in our study. Two methods, centrifugation and dilution, were used to determine the oral yeast load. Samples were taken from 31 individuals for the centrifugation method, including 29 for the dilution method and five of these individuals. The samples were inoculated on Sabouraud 2% Dextrose Agar (SDA) and SDA containing chloramphenicol (SCAF). As a result, in young individuals aged 18-25, the oral yeast load was 0.01±0.01 and 1.87±0.01 log CFU in SCAF, and it was 0.01±0.01 and >3.00±0.01 log CFU in SDA. A total of 400 isolates were taken from the counting plates, and 140 were determined to be yeast by gram staining. Germ tube test of the isolates determined to be yeasts determined that 108 were probably Candida albicans or Candida dubliniensis. 140 isolates were also identified by MALDI-TOF MS. Isolates were identified as C. albicans (38.58%), C. albicans or C. africana (3.57%), C. dubliniensis (32.86%), C. parapsilosis (20%), C. inconspicua (2.14%), Pichia manshurica (2.14%), and Wickerhamomyces subpelliculosus (0.71%). It has been determined that young individuals between the ages of 18-25 carry Candida species in their oral mycobiota.