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    A Comparative Study of Three Brassicaceae Vegetables Grown in Canakkale: Determination of Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Pulp and Juice Samples of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.), Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var capitata L) and Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.)
    (2020) Önder, Ferah Cömert; Doğrular, Nuriye; Gündüzalp, Ecem; Barlak, Sedef; Ay, Mehmet
    Brassicaceae that contains well known species from genus Brassica is an important family for crucifers, cabbage etc. The main goal of this study was to investigate the total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of 25% aqueous ethanol and methanol extracts of selected vegetable pulps such as radish, cabbage, and cauliflower. These analyses were also applied to the freshly prepared juices. For this purpose, studied vegetables which were grown in villages of Canakkale were obtained from district bazaar in Canakkale. Antioxidant activities of selected vegetables have been determined by using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) free radical, ABTS ((2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging assay and CUPRAC (cupric reducing antioxidant capacity) method. Total phenolic content was determined by using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The results show that total phenolic contents in pulp extracts of 25% aqueous ethanol of red cabbage (1071 ± 25.12 mg FAE/100 g) and brussels sprout (594.00 ± 13.93 mg FAE/100 g) have higher than the other used vegetables. The 25% aqueous ethanol extracts of white and red radish pulps showed the greatest IC50 value with DPPH assay (50.00 µg/mL). The higher phenolic content in the ethanol and methanol extracts of red cabbage may contribute to its increasing CUPRAC activity (4.73 ± 0.11 and 4.78 ± 0.11 quercetin equivalent of flavonoid concentration). In addition, black radish juice showed the highest inhibition value with ABTS assay (70.83 ± 1.83%). This study which may be important for food and health applications, also emphasizes the importance of the cultivation area and the valuable parts of vegetables.
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    Anticancer, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Activities, and HPLC Analysis of Alcoholic Extracts of Parthenocissus quinquefolia L. Plant Collected from Çanakkale
    (2024) Önder, Ferah Cömert; Kalın, Sevil; Maraba, Özlem; Önder, Alper; Ilgın, Pınar; Karabacak, Ersin
    This study aimed to contribute to revealing the health effects of the Parthenocissus quinquefolia L. (PQ) plant by examining the biological activities of various extracts of the plant. An ethnobotanical important medicinal plant, PQ belongs to the Vine family (Vitaceae) and is known for its medicinal uses. Herein, fruit and leaf alcoholic extracts of the plant exhibited anticancer activity on triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines, estrogen receptor positive (ER+) (MCF-7), and human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cancer cell lines. Furthermore, fruit methanol extracts displayed strong radical scavenging activity with low IC50 values such as 0.51 mg/mL, 0.80 mg/mL, 0.84 mg/mL, and 1.45 mg/mL. The highest TEAC values (18.72 mM Trolox/mg, 9.90 mM Trolox/mg, and 8.41 mM Trolox/mg) were calculated for the extracts of red leaves. The antifungal activity was determined against Candida albicans as fungal pathogen. The cell apoptosis with methanol extract was obtained between 20 µg/mL and 70 µg/mL for 48 h and 72 h treatments by Hoechst 33258 staining of nuclei under a fluorescence microscopy. HPLC analysis was performed for methanol extracts to determine major bioactive components. Consequently, this plant extracts may guide to new strategies and may be uses in medicinal applications for further investigations.
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    DISCOVERY OF DONEPEZIL-LIKE COMPOUNDS AS POTENTIAL ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS DETERMINED BY PHARMACOPHORE MAPPING-BASED VIRTUAL SCREENING AND MOLECULAR DOCKING
    (2023) Önder, Ferah Cömert
    Objective Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in older people due to abnormalities in the cholinergic system. Acetylcholinesterase has an important role in the regulation of the cholinergic system. Therefore, targeting AChE is one of the most promising strategies for the treatment of AD. Although several approved drugs to treat AD, it is still needed to develop potential inhibitor candidates. Therefore, the aim of this study is to discover newly donepezillike natural compounds and their synthetic derivatives targeting acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE). Material and Method A pharmacophore model of a known drug, donepezil was generated. Using the pharmacophore mapping module of the Discovery Studio 2021 program, the chemical library containing natural products and synthetic derivatives was screened. The pharmacokinetics and drug-likeness properties of the screened compounds were predicted by ADMET and Lipinski and Veber’s rule. Some criteria were used as a filter. In addition, bioactive compounds of the database were screened. Then, molecular docking study was performed by using Glide/SP of Maestro (Schrödinger, Inc.) to determine the potential molecules. Results The binding energies were determined for hit compounds after molecular modeling studies. Furthermore, H-bonding, pi-pi stacking, pi-cation, and pi-alkyl interactions between the protein-ligand complex have been identified by various amino acid residues such as Tyr, Asp, His, Trp, Arg. The results show that the potential compounds are a promising candidate with binding energy compared to donepezil. The molecular modeling results indicate that new scaffolds may contribute to the discovery of new AChE inhibitors compared to a reference drug. Conclusion This study may lead to further studies and contribute to examination with in vitro analysis. The scaffolds can be used to design novel and effective inhibitors.
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    Effects of Pleurotus Eryngii (DC.) Quél. Mushroom Extracts on Cell Proliferation in Breast and Colon Cancer Cell Lines
    (2024) Önder, Ferah Cömert; Davutlar, Gülce; Önder, Alper; Allı, Hakan; Ay, Mehmet
    This study was aimed to collect Pleurotus eryngii (DC.) Quél. edible/medicinal mushroom from Çanakkale/Kumkale and to evaluate the antiproliferative effects of alcoholic extracts on breast and colon cancer cell lines. For this purpose, the Soxhlet method prepared methanol and ethanol:H2O (70:30) extracts by gradually increasing solvent polarities. Then, breast (MDA-MB-231, BT-549, BT-20, MCF-7) and colon (HT-29) cancer cell lines were treated with the extracts in increasing concentrations (0.05-0.5 mg/mL) for 48 h. In conclusion, methanol and aqueous ethanol extracts exhibited significant antiproliferative effects in cancer cell lines, according to the MTT assay. The cell viability in the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA-MB-231 cell line was highly decreased by methanol extract at a very low concentration (0.1 mg/mL). Furthermore, methanol extract at 0.3 mg/mL reduced the percentage of cell viability in the HT-29 cell line. Aqueous ethanol extract showed antiproliferative activity in breast and colon cancer cell lines at 0.25 mg/mL concentration for 48 h applications. In addition, some bioactive components such as 4-hydroxy flavone, chrysin, and tannic acid of aqueous ethanol extract have been determined by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. As a result, this study may increase interest in the studies on the anti-cancer activities and the mechanisms of P. eryngii mushroom.
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    Kanser tedavisinde kullanılabilecek, moleküler modelleme tabanlı yeni protein kinaz inhibitörlerinin tasarımı, sentezi ve etkinliklerinin incelenmesi
    (Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2019) Önder, Ferah Cömert; Ay, Mehmet
    Meme kanserlerinin %15-20'sini içeren TNMK, triple negatif (TN) tümörlerin yanısıra östrojen reseptör ?–pozitif (Er+) ve HER2+ tümörlerinde sınıflandırılan çok türlü bir hastalık olan agresif tip meme kanserinin bir alt türüdür. EF2-Kinaz (EF2K), üçlü negatif ve pankreas kanserlerini içeren agresif katı tümörlerin tedavisi için ortaya çıkan moleküler bir hedeftir. eEF-2K etkinliğinin artması ile meme, pankreas, yumurtalık, akciğer vb. kanser hücrelerinde tümör büyümesi, yayılması (invazyon ve metastaz), kemoterapiye direnç gelişimi artar. Son zamanlarda eEF-2K hedefli etkili inhibitörlerin geliştirilmesine olan ilgi oldukça artmıştır. Bu çalışmada, eEF2K inhibitörü olabilecek farklı tip çekirdek yapılar (kumarin, kinazolin, oksoindol, fenil üre, 1,2,4-oksadiazol, üçüncül amin, neo-tanshinlakton) ve fonksiyonel gruplar içeren birçok bileşik tasarlanmıştır ve içlerinden en etkin olabilecek 50 adet bileşiğin sentezi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Moleküler kenetlenme, ADMET ve 3D QSAR (PHASE) analizleri gibi hesaplamalı kimya teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Sentezlenen bileşiklerin in vitro western blot ve klonojenik analiz çalışmaları ile ve in vivo ortotopik xenograft mouse klinik öncesi çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Düşük (0.1-1 µM) dozlarda etkili olan kumarin kalkon bileşikleri ile boronat ester işlevsel grupları içeren bileşikler, potansiyel inhibitörler olarak bulunmuştur. TNMK ve pankreas hücrelerinde apoptosise neden olduğu belirlenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: eEF2K, TNMK, Pankreas Kanseri, Boronik Bileşikler, In siliko