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    CTLA4+rs231775 gene polymorphism increases PCOS, regardless of the levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in the serum
    (Bayrakol Medical Publishing, 2023) Beyazıt, Fatma; Çiçekliyurt, Meliha Merve; Türkon, Hakan; Ünsal, Mesut Abdülkerim; Pek, Eren
    Aim: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a long-standing inflammation-related disease with increased levels of circulating pro-inflammatory markers. By affecting inflammatory cytokine production, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA-4) polymorphism can alter the immune system and trigger distinct disease states. The aim of the study was to investigate if CTLA4 polymorphism is associated with PCOS, and if so, (2) whether this situation influences serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and TNF-alpha in PCOS. Material and Methods: CTLA4+rs231775 gene polymorphism with IL-6 and TNF-a levels were determined in 92 PCOS women and 88 healthy controls. Study groups were further subdivided according to body mass index (BMI) and the degree of insulin resistance (IR), and comparisons were made within each study group. Results: The prevalence of the A allele of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs231775 was more frequent in PCOS women compared with healthy controls [OR: 1.99, 95% CI:1.273-3.107, p =0.0023]. The heterozygous genotype was also shown to be strongly associated with PCOS development [OR: 3.041, 95%CI:1.604-5.766, p=0.0005]. Although TNF-a levels of PCOS patients were detected to be elevated, no difference was found in the study groups with respect to serum IL-6 levels. In addition, no association was observed between CTLA4+rs231775 polymorphism and serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Discussion: The present study demonstrates for the first time that CTLA4+rs231775 gene polymorphism increases susceptibility to PCOS 2 times more in the case of A allele carriage and 3 times more in heterozygous individuals, independent from the long-standing low-grade inflammatory disease state encountered in patients with PCOS.
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    Genetic and immunological biomarkers in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis: A literature review for miRNA and cytokine characterization
    (Bayrakol Medical Publisher, 2023) Karadeli, Ümit; Çiçekliyurt, Meliha Merve
    There is a sensitive interaction in the relationship between the Mycobacterium tuberculosis that causes tuberculosis disease (TB) and its host. This interaction significantly affects the course of the infection. Unfortunately, scientific studies continue without slowing down this disease, which remains popular among the infectious diseases with the highest mortality rate. Although the importance of genetics and the immune system in the host-bacteria relationship is emphasized, immunopathological events still need to be fully elucidated. The molecular events between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the host dictate the course of infection. Different expression levels of miRNAs in this infection continue until the polarization of macrophages. In addition, studies have shown that miRNAs also affect cytokine release in this cellular immune process. This review aimed to reveal how M. tuberculosis affects the course of host miRNAs during active infection and how cytokine levels change due to this interaction by reviewing the recent literature. This study will discuss the implications of using miRNA profiles and cytokine levels as biomarkers for the onset, maintenance, and termination of active TB.
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    Green synthesis, characterization and biological activity of silver nanoparticles From Dicranum majus Turner
    (S.C. Virtual Company of Phisics S.R.L, 2021) Yayıntaş, Özlem Tonguç; Demir, Nur; Yılmaz, Selahattin; Çiçekliyurt, Meliha Merve
    The exploitation of various plant compounds for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles is considered a green technology because it does not involve any harmful chemicals. In the current study, we synthesized and characterized silver nanoparticles from Dicranum majus (Dm) Turner, a moss plant (Bryophyte). The occurrence of the visible color change from red to brown confirmed Dm silver nanoparticles (DmAgNPs). The DmAgNPs were characterized based on Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The morphology, size, and elemental analysis of the prepared silver nanoparticles were examined using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and zeta potential (ZP). The distribution pattern of DmAgNPs particle size and stability were determined with the zeta potential analysis by zeta sizer. The maximum absorption of DmAgNPs was obtained at 422 nm by UV-Vis spectrometer. The presence of carbonyl compounds was demonstrated by FTIR, TEM. Zeta sizer analysis revealed the average size of the nanoparticles as 278.7 nm with-16.7 mV zeta potential demonstrates moderate stability. Considering its antibacterial activities, DmAgNP is more effective on Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 7644), and Proteus vulgaris (NRRL B-123) bacteria; it has no mutagenic activity; cleaved DNA as a result of gel electrophoresis; Antioxidant activity was determined by the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method.
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    Recent insights into depression from transcriptomic analysis
    (Termedia Publishing House Ltd, 2025) Günay, Melih; Çiçekliyurt, Meliha Merve
    Purpose: Depression is a widespread mood disorder with a high rate of relapse and chronicity that can be affected by gender, and caused by traumatic or stressful events. Transcriptome analysis measures gene expression heterogeneity in cells, tissues, organs, and the whole body. The purpose of the study was to investigate both gender-specific and tissue-specific variations in gene expression regarding depression based on transcriptomic analysis using RNA-Seq data. Methods: The depression datasets GSE190518 and GSE214921 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database provided by the NCBI. The GSE190518 datasets include peripheral blood samples (4 patients, 4 healthy controls), and the GSE214921 datasets contain human postmortem orbitofrontal cortex bulk tissue (20 patients, 19 healthy controls). All datasets were analyzed separately with the DESeq2 package in R. Later, GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of differentially expressed genes were performed using the clusterProfiler package in R. Results: Our results reveal that depression stimulates genes linked to the immune system, which is a common denominator in both brain tissue and blood samples. Overall, tissue-specific factors contribute to the association between depression and the immune system via distinct genes. Furthermore, gene ontology analyses revealed that HSPA6, HSPA7, HSPA1L, HSPA1A, and HSPA1B genes are co-represented in different pathways involved in molecular function, biological processes, and cellular components. Conclusions: Comparative transcriptomic evidence supports the immune hypothesis of depression in different tissue samples. Gender-specific depression may be triggered by protein misfolding.