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    Effective use of skin microbiome signatures for fingerprint identification
    (Wiley, 2024) Yılmaz, Seda Salman; Kuşkucu, Mert Ahmet; Çakan, Hüseyin; Aygün, Gökhan
    Background: Recent advances have increased the importance of the human microbiome, including the skin microbiome. Despite the hand microbiome research, the factors affecting the composition of the hand microbiome and their personal characteristics are incompletely known. Objectives: Despite changing environmental factors and personal variation, we aimed to indicate the interpersonal distinction between skin microbiota using simple and rapid molecular methods. Methods: Over a non-consecutive 10-day period, samples were taken from 10 adult individuals, and ribotyping analysis of the 16S and 23S genes of S. epidermidis was performed on each skin sample. Additionally, EcoRI and HindIII enzyme reactions and variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) reactions of S. epidermidis obtained from DNA samples were performed. The skin microbiomes of individuals were evaluated along with the microbiome profiles left on the surfaces they touched. Results: In the environmental samples taken, it has been observed that people preserve their core skin microbiota characters and carry them to their environment. It was determined that the highest similarity rate was 77.14%, and the lowest similarity rate was 31.74%. Conclusion: Our study showed that the core skin microbiota retains its characteristics and leaves traces in environments. The fact that the personal microbiome remains unchanged despite environmental differences and has characteristic features has shown that it can be used in forensic sciences to distinguish individuals from each other. These results with simple and rapid methods further increased the importance and significance of the study. The findings indicate that personal skin microbiota can provide a significant contribution to criminal investigations by increasing accuracy and reliability, especially in forensic analyses.
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    Evaluation of the Diagnostic Performance of a SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A/B Combo Rapid Antigen Test in Respiratory Samples
    (MDPI, 2023) Dinç, Harika Öykü; Karabulut, Nuran; Alaçam, Sema; Kırkoyun Uysal, Hayriye; Daşdemir, Ferhat Osman; Önel, Mustafa; Çakan, Hüseyin
    This study aimed to evaluate the performance characteristics of a rapid antigen test developed to detect SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), influenza A virus (IAV), and influenza B virus (IBV) (flu) compared with those of the real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) method. One hundred SARS-CoV-2, one hundred IAV, and twenty-four IBV patients whose diagnoses were confirmed by clinical and laboratory methods were included in the patient group. Seventy-six patients, who were negative for all respiratory tract viruses, were included as the control group. The Panbio™ COVID-19/Flu A&B Rapid Panel test kit was used in the assays. The sensitivity values of the kit were 97.5%, 97.9%, and 33.33% for SARS-CoV-2, IAV, and IBV, respectively, in samples with a viral load below 20 Ct values. The sensitivity values of the kit were 16.7%, 36.5%, and 11.11% for SARS-CoV-2, IAV, and IBV, respectively, in samples with a viral load above 20 Ct. The kit’s specificity was 100%. In conclusion, this kit demonstrated high sensitivity to SARS-CoV-2 and IAV for viral loads below 20 Ct values, but the sensitivity values were not compatible with PCR positivity for lower viral loads over 20 Ct values. Rapid antigen tests may be preferred as a routine screening tool in communal environments, especially in symptomatic individuals, when diagnosing SARS-CoV-2, IAV, and IBV with high caution.
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    Exploring the Effects of Lucilia sericata Larvae on Biofilm-forming Bacteria in Wounds
    (2022) Eğribel, Merve; Sirekbasan, Serhat; Çakan, Hüseyin; Polat, Erdal
    Objective: Biofilm-induced chronic wound infections are among the most significant causes of treatment failures. Healing chronic wounds with biofilm is a major issue worldwide due to high costs and adverse effects on patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impacts of Lucilia sericata larvae on biofilm-forming bacteria in chronic wounds. Method: We recruited 30 patients applying to Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research and Application Center, Wound Healing Unit, between December 2019 and March 2021. We obtained swab cultures before and immediately after applying Larval Debridement Therapy (LDT). After identifying isolated bacteria, we examined all agents by susceptibility and biofilm formation. Results: While isolating only a single bacterial genus/species in 19 patients, we could detect more than one bacterial genus/species in 11 of them. Moreover, we observed biofilm formation in bacteria isolated from 21 patients, but it was not the case in bacteria grown in 9 patients. Following LDT, we discovered that the biofilm layer on wounds was removed in a short time (two to three sessions). Conclusion: Although many methods are adopted in healing chronic wounds with biofilm formation, they often remain ineffective. The therapy with L. sericata larvae, a simple and effective method, may promote rapid healing of biofilm- forming wounds.
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    Investigation of gut microbiota in suicide cases instead of forensic sciences
    (2022) Ogdur, Murat; Çakan, Hüseyin; Evrensel, Alper
    Suicidal cases are criminal cases that either should be prevented or be investigated forensically after occurring. One of the aims of our study is that arrange the bacterial\rflora - one of the biological factors- in the gut to reduce suicide cases. In our study, we compared the bacterias which are based in the gut flora of suicidal death with the\rcontrol group among the 103 autopsy materials collected. In this study, besides the classic microbial and biochemical methods, we also used the Real-Time PCR and\rDroplet Digital PCR methods. According to the result of our study, it is determined that Bacteroides sp., Clostridium sp., Lactobacillus sp. and Bifidobacterium sp. which\raffect suicide are significantly different than control groups. It is thought that probiotic or prebiotic supplementation of individuals with intestinal flora imbalance may\rbe beneficial about reduce the suicidal cases which are caused by depression and anxiety. Therefore arranging of the gut flora may decrease the suicidal cases besides\rincreasing the academic studies shall have considerable importance and may gain favor in this sense.
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    Prediction of the Number of Firearm Shots by Using Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Larvae with an Inductively Coupled Plasma -Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) Technique
    (American Entomological Society, 2025) Cil, Merve; Mercan, Selda; Çakan, Hüseyin
    In forensic entomology, researchers utilize insects to determine the time of death, cause and location. This firearm-related study focused on two main objectives. The primary aim was to evaluate the relationship between the number of shots and gunshot residue (GSR) concentrations detected in larvae feeding on firearm-shot meat samples using Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). We also aimed to investigate the effect of GSR on the weights and lengths of larvae during feeding with GSR-containing meat samples. A short-barreled gun and 9x19 mm Parabellum-type bullets were used to produce gunshot residue on meat samples. Twenty-four pieces of meat were classified into four groups including control samples (n=3) (GSR0; larval feeding without shot), GSR1 (n=7) (larval feeding with one shot), GSR2 (n=7) (larval feeding with two shots), and GSR3 (n=7) (larval feeding with three shots). Lucilia sericata eggs were put into the bullet holes and incubated at 28°C temperature for 72 hours. After the incubation period, the third-instar larvae samples were collected, and 10 larvae samples were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry to detect Sb, Ba, and Pb concentrations. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (two-way ANOVA) in R software. Comparative results showed 0.817, 0.854 and 0.886 correlation coefficients for Sb, Ba and Pb, respectively, and significant increases in Ba and Pb concentrations were detected in larvae, depending on the number of shots, while developmental changes on lengths and weights were insignificant except GSR3. Simultaneous detection of Sb, Ba and Pb in larvae found in a crime scene contributes to the interpretation of firearm cases by considering other uncertainties. © 2025 American Entomological Society. All rights reserved.
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    The Role of Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in the Pathogenesis of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease
    (Clin Lab Publ, 2024) Kurt, Enes A.; Demirci, Mehmet; Özbey, Doğukan; Gareayaghi, Nesrin; Eskazan, Tuğçe; Erzin, Yusuf Z.; Çakan, Hüseyin; Kocazeybek, Bekir
    Background: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are inflammatory bowel diseases with uncertain etiology. We aimed to determine the amounts of Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in the intestinal microbiota of these patients and to correlate their amounts with blood IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12 cytokine levels. Methods: Thirty UC, 30 CDs, and 46 healthy controls were included. IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12 levels of blood samples were analyzed by ELISA. The amounts of Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were determined by the LightCycler 480 qPCR system. Results: F. prausnitzii, A. muciniphila, IL-10, and IL-12 decreased in patient groups, while IL-8 decreased in UC but increased in CD. A significant difference was detected between the patient and control groups in terms of F. prausnitzii, A. muciniphila, and IL-8, but not for others. The amount of F. prausnitzii was correlated with IL-8 and IL-10 in UC and with IL-10 in CD patients. Conclusions: The decrease in the amount of F. prausnitzii was associated with the increase in UC disease severity. A. muciniphila and F. prausnitzii were detected in lower amounts in both diseases. F. prausnitzii decreased more with the severity of UC, suggesting that these bacteria may have complex roles in their etiopathogenesis.