رواية الأزهري عن العرب في تهذيب اللغة

Abstract

Kadîm ve çağdaş dilcilerin çoğunluğu, Ezherî’nin sözlüğü Tehzîbu’lluğa’daki dil rivayetine olumlu bir şekilde baktılar. Yaptığı nakillerde onun güvenilir olduğunu; dilcilerin rivayetlerini iyice araştırdıktan sonra kabul ettiğini; sahih rivayet, Araplardan işittiği veya müşahede ettiğiyle istişhâd ettiğini gördüler. Karmatîler arasında esir olarak geçirdiği dönemden faydalanmıştır. Şöyle ki hâla selîka ile konuşmaya devam eden Araplar ile konuşmuş ve onlardan rivayette bulunmuştur. Ezherî, bu sözlüğünde bizzat kendisi dil âlimlerinden nakledilen rivayetlerin senetlerini tahkik etmede titiz davrandığını ve dil rivayetinde üç yolu takip ettiğini ifade etmiştir. Bunlar Araplardan doğrudan semâ‘; sikadan sözlü rivâyet ve bir kitabın doğrudan sika olan kendi müellifinden veya kitabında rivâyet ettiği kişiden nakildir.

??? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? )????? ?????( ???? ???????: ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????. ????? ? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ? ????? ?? ????? ?????. ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????: ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???. ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???. ??? ? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ??? . ??????? ?????????: ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????.

The majority of ancient and modern language scholars considered Al-Azhari's narrations of the language in his dictionary (Tahdhib allugha) positive: they saw that he was honest in his transmission. And he did not accept the language scholar’s narrations unless after evaluation only. He cited with the correct narration by hearing from the Bedouin (A’rab) and his observations. And he may have benefited from the time that he was captured by the Qarmatians, when he can spoke wıth the Bedouin from Arabs, who were still speaking Arabic on instinct, away from urban influences. so he narrated about them a lot. Al-Azhari himself Proved calculating in his dictionary to ensure the authenticity of Series of narrators (Sanad) at the narrations that he narrated about the language scholars. he adopted three methods in in this regard: (1) the direct hearing from the Arabs, (2) the trusted oral narration, (3) the citation from books directly, or indirectly through the trusted narrators who reported about the authors of this books. Because of the narrow space here, I will not be able to approach the three methods, so I will suffice in this paper with his first method of the narrations, I mean, the direct hearing from the Arabs, to see to what extent al-Azhari went to verify from the validity of what he narrates about the Arabs, and his methods in this regard. The other methods will be studied in another paper later, as I wish, God willing.