Yakar, Emin2026-02-032026-02-0320252053-1591https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ae1c9fhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/34709This study presents a systematic investigation into the influence of an optimized multi-step spin-coating process on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of TiO2/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanocomposite films deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates. A stable sol was synthesized using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a binding agent. Structural characterization via x-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the optimized coating process resulted in an increase in the average crystallite size from 65 nm to 74 nm. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses showed rough, heterogeneous surfaces with a non-uniform distribution of TiO2 nanoparticles on the MWCNT network. The optical band gap energy was observed to increase from 2.88 eV to 3.06 eV following the additional spin-coating steps, which is attributed to enhanced electron localization and strong interfacial interactions. Current-voltage (I-V) measurements demonstrated non-linear and symmetrical behavior for both samples. The sample prepared with the standard process (TM1) exhibited a higher resistivity of 23.6 k Omega, attributed to defect complexes, while the sample with the optimized process (TM2) showed a lower resistivity of 18.6 k Omega, indicative of improved conductivity facilitated by effective MWCNT pathways and TiO2 incorporation. This conclusion is supported by lower non-linear coefficients (alpha) of 1.85 and 1.52 for TM1 and TM2, respectively, suggesting trap-assisted electron transport governed by the Poole-Frenkel mechanism. The findings confirm that the electrical conductivity and overall optoelectronic performance of TiO2/MWCNT nanocomposites can be significantly enhanced by tailoring the spin-coating parameters, primarily due to improved charge transport and suppressed electron-hole recombination.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessthin filmsopto-electronicspin coatingcarbonecous materialsnanomaterialsArticle121110.1088/2053-1591/ae1c9fQ3WOS:0016217483000012-s2.0-105033862203Q3