Habib, Syed SikandarMajeed, SaimaRind, Khalid HussainNaz, SairaAcar, UmitCravana, CristinaUllah, Mujeeb2025-05-292025-05-2920250899-76591548-8667https://doi.org/10.1093/jahafs/vsaf006https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/30149Objective In aquaculture, the trend is shifting towards using plant-derived alternatives that are abundant in phytochemicals as effective replacements for traditional antibiotics and synthetic feed additives. In the present study, the effects of tulsi Ocimum sanctum extract on growth performance, hemato-biochemical indices, serum immune parameters, and antioxidant parameters in Common Carp Cyprinus carpio were investigated.Methods Common Carp (mean body weight +/- SD = 10.6 +/- 0.13 g) were fed experimental diets that contained tulsi leaf extract at 0.0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% for 60 d (25 fish/treatment).Results The findings revealed a considerable enhancement in growth performance and a decreased feed conversion ratio, especially for the 1.0% tulsi-based diet. Additionally, weight gain and feed conversion ratio exhibited significance at both the linear and quadratic levels, as indicated by polynomial contrasts. The hematological and biochemical profiles exhibited improvements in groups receiving tulsi-enriched diets. The antioxidant status of fish serum exhibited a notable increase, as evidenced by elevated activities of total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in fish that received the 1.0% and 1.5% tulsi-based diets. Tulsi-supplemented diets led to remarkable enhancements in serum lysozyme activity, alternative complement activity, and total immunoglobulin content. Moreover, tulsi supplementation at 1.0% and 1.5% showcased a significant reduction in serum glucose and cortisol levels compared to the other groups.Conclusions In conclusion, tulsi extract emerged as a valuable asset, positively influencing growth, blood parameters, antioxidant balance, and serum immune response in Common Carp, particularly at supplementation levels ranging from 1.0% to 1.5% in the diet. This research provides compelling evidence of the remarkable benefits of tulsi extract in Common Carp aquaculture. By enhancing growth performance, feed conversion efficiency, and key hematological and biochemical parameters, tulsi emerges as a powerful natural supplement. Additionally, its significant role in boosting antioxidant status and immune responses further underscores its potential in promoting overall fish health. These findings open new avenues for sustainable and natural approaches in aquaculture, reinforcing the value of tulsi as a functional feed additive.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessaquacultureCommon CarpimmunostimulantphytotherapytulsiArticle10.1093/jahafs/vsaf006Q2WOS:00148745140000140366353Q3