Topses, Mehmet Devrim2025-01-272025-01-2720121304-02432458-8245https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/29093This study investigates the sociological causes of modernization movements that remain inconlusive, emerged in the Ottoman State between the 18th and 20th centuries. The scope of the study first analyzes Niyazi Berkes' modernization approach; followed by Berkes' criticisms on the 19th century scholar Namik Kemal and his views on Turkish modernization. Herewith, Namik Kemal was criticized by Berkes as a representative of wrong Westernization politics.trinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessTurkish modernizationWesternizationTraditionalismArticle466573N/AWOS:000409787500004