Sahiner, NurettinDemirci, SahinLako, AlbaTorres, Jorge H.Suner, Selin S.Sahiner, Mehtap2026-02-032026-02-0320262688-4011https://doi.org/10.1002/nano.70104https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/35001The piezoelectric materials, barium titanates (BaTiO3) in various sizes 50, 200, and 500 nm, were modified with polyethyleneimine (PEI) as PEI@BaTiO3 to improve antibacterial activities. The realization of PEI modification was confirmed with the peaks appeared on the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of BaTiO3 nanoparticles similar to 1650 cm-1, which are assigned to N-H stretching vibrations. The isoelectric points of BaTiO3 nanoparticles increased to about pH 10 after PEI modification, which were pH 3-4 range for pristine BaTiO3 nanoparticles. BaTiO3 nanoparticles below 200 nm showed antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria with 25 mg/mL minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) value but determined not effectively against gram-positive pathogens. However, positively charged PEI@BaTiO3 particles render high antibacterial potency on wide range of bacteria with almost four-fold lower MIC values than pristine BaTiO3 nanoparticles. Safe concentration of BaTiO3 nanoparticles on L929 fibroblast cells was found at 100 mu g/mL with more than 90% cell viability. Cytotoxicity was slightly decreased for PEI@BaTiO3 particles, and 50 mu g/mL concentration of PEI@BaTiO3 particles could be used in vivo applications without any significant toxicity. The piezoelectric effect of pristine BaTiO3 generated a higher voltage for 50 nm particles compared to the larger particles. Also, PEI@BaTiO3 generated voltages, somewhat attenuated and rapidly decayed in time, showed high consistency.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessantibacterial compositesBaTiO3 nanoparticleschemical modificationPEI modification of barium titanate (BaTiO3)piezoelectric compositesArticle10.1002/nano.70104Q2WOS:001662053800001